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Mini-circuits LNA PHA-LN13+ has suggested a layout for it: There I have some questions: Why Vcc has reached to near the input, The only reason I can see is to achieve more HF capacitance in V...
I have here an acre-counter or crop counter device like the lykketronic shown below, using two AA batteries. It arrived without working. Upon opening its case, I found that the PCB is missing tw...
I’d like to create a stable IR LED light source. I’ve read that LED efficiency changes with temperature. I’ve seen two designs which used feedback through light to correct the LED temperature dri...
I am currently learning amplifier design, after constructing the unity gain amplifier(which is a differential-input single-ended-output amplifier) in the unity-gain feedback configuration I have pe...
Some gentlemen decided to throw a hook with wire over 750kV lines in Belarus. They survived, however, I find in interesting to find out why. Assuming the connection to Earth was solid, there would...
I am working with an IC that uses a partially intergrated regulated charge pump. The circuit looks like this: It behaves like a voltage doubler. However, when looking at other regulated charge p...
Question about relative humidity specification for electronics. Industrial automation, indoors, cabinet or instrument enclosure. The failure mechanisms at the upper limit are fairly intuitive. I'm...
Can a circuit board be waterproof enough to form a wall of a waterproof enclosure? Regular PCBs made of FR-4 with solder mask is what I have in mind. But I'm not barring less common PCB materials...
Problem description & speculation about causes I've having a problem with MAX485 transceivers breaking intermittently, passing our production tests but later failing. The error phenomenon is w...
I'm designing a robust 1-wire output for an IoT board. The interface should be able to withstand high voltage. Mainly the same voltage level as the board power supply. That's 12V to 36V DC. The p...
I benchtested below 0.7A constant current source circuit and observed few cycles of oscillation on drain current. With the help of bode plot analysis , I have managed to reduce the oscillations on ...
There are circuits that require matched transistors. Whether BJTs or FETs. Like current mirrors, logarithmic amplifiers, etc.. There are some examples: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUlugLSroN8...
I've tryed to implement a local ground concept told by Olin Latrop here : He have told: (What I've perceived)You should not connect every gnd point instantly to gnd plane, since it can inject HF ...
I have an ordinary consumer-grade standby UPS with, I believe, ample power for the devices connected to it.[1] It's five years old. For the second time in about a month, I've found my computer po...
Is there a scientific way to estimate the resistance of a pogo pin? If it was a solid cylinder or wire one could calculate the resistance: R = ρ × L / A But a pogo pin is hollow inside, the sp...
The remote control of my TV has two kinds of buttons. There are "normal" ones for the digits etc. which work by bringing a conductive material on the underside of the button in contact with the boa...
Suppose I have a planar PCB transformer. The primary and secondary coils are printed on different PCBs. The core is inserted through these PCBs to link the two coils. The primary is at a low voltag...
I want to design a simple battery charger using MCP73831/2. This chip has a 3-State state pin according to the table below: I have a 3.3V MCU and I want to connect this pin to a GPIO. The MCU is...
I'm working on another project with extreme EMC requirements as per various notorious military EMC standards. Civilian product but for military use, and as such subject to the toughest levels of co...
I got a vintage ('64) hifi sideboard for Christmas! It's super awesome. However, I don't understand the grounding. It has two female inputs on the backside that are labeled as "Grounding". There w...
An important formula in physics is one that relates the speed of an EM wave (c for instance) with the magnetic permeability and electric permittivity of the medium. In short: - $$c = \dfrac{1}{\sq...
I am determining the Area-Product of the core required for a transformer to be used within a series resonant converter. The specifications are as follows: Switching frequency = 400 kHz Primary ...
Hi, how can I use can bus monitoring through a simple led without disturbing the can line , I started with a diagram found on this forum, I need your help to correct where necessary, I want to use...
For my test bench I need an inductor (aka "reactor") that meets the requirements below. I have tried to purchase it outright as a made-up item, or the parts to make it (core and windings), but have...
I would like to convert 5V rail I have on PCB to ±12V. Existing solution is using boost converter 5V to 12V, and a buck for 5V to -12V. This feels bulky for what it's needed - here are the requirem...
I have run into an interesting phenomenon related to ceramic capacitors. This question is part of the effort to understand the issue, and eventually work around it. But first, some background of ...
What effect does an oscillator potentially have on a SPI clk signal if the oscillator is on the top layer, with GND and VCC layer in between on a four layer board. I know running it on the same lay...
I want to know why the top-of-the-line CPUs and GPUs from Intel, NVIDIA, and AMD are all bragging about the fabrication process (7nm and 5nm) and trying to be consistently smaller. At the same tim...
I'm Interested In Power Circuit. What Courses/Guidelines To I Need To Properly and Effectively Under Power Circuits??
I am learning IC design layouts using Cadence Virtuoso and now I got stuck with the concept of using vias. The question is when and where to use it? I am attaching the schematic of my inverter tuto...
Based on reading the All About Circuits article on IEPE sensors there are two general types of circuits integrated into this class of sensors: voltage amplifier and charge amplifier. This question...
I'm trying to understand a circuit for driving a LED found on a board I purchased. Below is the circuit driven by an I/O pin (HS2) of a small 3.3V processor. The HS2 pin is driven by the I/O wi...
This graph - MLCC temperature rise vs ripple current RMS & frequency If I had a 10 us current spike every 100 000 us (akin to a half-sine wave and then the rest of 9999 sine waves missing), ...
I've seen batteries get shorted a few times. They heat up, and obviously the battery is not useful after, but I've never seen them explode or catch fire. I've read reports of some batteries catchin...
Most CAD packages use a "symbol" and "footprint" library approach when it comes to designing schematics and PCBs. Some (like recent versions of Altium) have "component" libraries where symbols and ...
Assume that I have some generic antenna connector, followed by a pi-filter/50ohm impedance matching components, then a DC blocking cap (as per the RF switch recommendations) and then a RF switch fo...
I am trying to figure out what is causing an Allegro A2982 source driver to burn up. The source driver (A2982) is connected to the coil of a Panasonic TXS2-9V relay. The source driver and coil ar...
Let's take a soft-start circuit that looks like this: To my understanding, the function can be described as follows: C1 charges to open the gate. Value of C1 will dictate the soft-start delay...
Why can the channel capacity C of the additive white gaussion noise (AWGN) channel be denoted in different ways and how do they relate to each other? Examples: C = (1/2) * log2(1 + SNR) [bit?] ...
Hello! I would like to ask for your assistance with using a Silverstone DA1650 Gold computer power supply (you can find more about it here: Silverstone DA1650 Gold) for a non-computer application. ...
Usual values used in doing electronics/power supplies are almost always round numbers: 5V 12V 28V 48V 60V I understand that in some cases ICs are built to accept the voltage directly comi...
*Learning about EMG as a part of our research. My team has at least some experience with electronics that is worth mentioning, but don't have any experience with EMG/bio-potentials. Most EMG hardwa...
EMG consists of an electrode gel skin interface, op-amps with a certain gain and an ADC. Question is in the context of passive electrodes. What are the essential safety features of such types of h...
Power switches used in automotive are usually rated to withstand clamped load dump events, of the 35 - 40 V peak variety. AFAICT there are two main clamping mechanisms - first one for the logic par...
In EMG there is a certain level of thermal noise created at the electrode-gel-skin interface which depends on the skin-electrode impedance (also known as source impedance). I have been able get th...
A taper pad is a resistive attenuator that maintains impedances on both ports and provides a specific amount of gain-loss ($A_{12}$): - I have derived formulas for each resistor (that I know to ...
Currently, I enrolled myself in a master's course this fall in the field of Computer Engineering. I am excited to create my microcontroller projects. I want to understand how much complexity is exp...
Got a question about hazardous breakpoints in real-time firmware. Does C have a mechanism which lets me mark a section of code such that breakpoints are somehow ignored or not allowed just in that...
Sometimes cables between utility poles make a loop and do a U-turn. What is the purpose of such loops? The loop I'm asking about is in the lower set of wires towards the left of the picture. The...
Recently I have heard this opinion from experienced engineers when discussing PCB design software. The common opinion was that Allegro and Altium are supposedly professional programs whereas Eagle ...
