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How to calculate pullup resistor value for pushbutton?
What value pullup resistor should I use for a pushbutton connected to a microcontroller input?
I've seen values from 1 kΩ to over 100 kΩ. Some references just say to use 10 kΩ because it's a "good value". How do I calculate this to decide for myself?
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Figuratively speaking, Olin Lathrop's answer is a wonderful story about the unequal "tug of war" between a "pulling up" resistor and "pulling down" switch. And, when the switch is 'off', the "struggle" is between the resistor and input leakages… and then the resistor must win.
To be more precise, the positive terminal of the power supply is what "pulls up" the common node through the resistor and the negative terminal "pulls down" it (either through the switch or leakages).
This arrangement is the same "voltage divider configuration", widely used in simple common-source logic gates with resistor load… and the considerations are the same.
In my teaching practice, I have observed that students find it difficult to understand that the voltage after the resistor (open circuit) should be almost equal to the supply voltage. When I ask how much this voltage is, I receive all sorts of answers - 0, 1/2 power supply and, most rarely, the power supply. That is why, tomorrow morning I will start the lab on Semiconductor devices dedicated to diodes with my favorite experiment - I will make my students connect a resistor in series to an "ideal" voltage source and then measure the voltage after the resistor with both an "ideal" and real voltmeter.
Then I will suggest to them to close the circuit by another resistor (thus "inventing" the voltage divider)... and finally, by a diode. Then I will ask them why we still need the resistor... and to see why, we may short the resistor:) Fortunately, the power supply is 12V/1A (protected) and the diode is 1N4007.
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