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The TESATRONIC TTD20 is a precision length measuring instrument used in various industrial and laboratory settings. On the backside it provides a 15 pin interface for reading out signals: I want...
Hi, I am new to electronics and I am a final year undergraduate from the UK. I have a project I am currently working on. the project is to design, build, measure, and compare a Class A and a Class ...
Hi, I’m working on a PCB layout, which is only about the second board I’ve ever designed. I’d appreciate some help with the following issue: This board has two layers: The top layer is used f...
My circuit includes the following components: • PIC16 with internal clock, frequency: 32 MHz • ST LED2000 LED driver (a buck converter) with a PWM dimming input. The converter itself isn't a conc...
For power polygon that primarily carry DC, how critical is it that it is located above a ground plane? If it is important, how crucial is it that the polygon completely overlaps the ground plane b...
Suppose I use a wide trace as a power rail in my circuit (wide enough for the rated current, at a certain copper weight), and it doesn’t have an adjacent ground plane. If I have enough space on the...
In my PCB design, I have 0402 components connected to polygons. To reduce the risk of tombstoning, I connected them using thermal relief. My guiding principle is that if heat dissipation is not sy...
From what I understand, PCB manufacturing has a limitation on the minimum width of the solder resist—it cannot be too thin, typically not less than 5 mil. In many components, including those with a...
I need to make a circuit board that has the following inputs and outputs: Inputs and outputs Inputs: $V_{\text{in1}}$ (0-10VDC) PLC controlled signal $V_{\text{in2}}$ (0-10VDC) PLC controll...
I am trying to find out the transfer function of below arbitrary dc-dc converter and not able to succeed . quick analysis goes as written below , 1. M1 on Δ IL2= (V1-VL1-VO)*D/L2......VO=Output ...
I’m looking for circuits which convert differential current signal into single ended voltage. If found two topologies in application notes, and though of one more [obvious] topology myself. How d...
Why does Example 5 solve for KKT conditions by directly computing the system of equations, unlike Example 4 (Solved for active / inactive constraints)
I was looking for electret condenser microphone preamp topologies. I’d like the preamp to run on a single supply, so I’ll have to introduce an output offset. Saw two topologies for introducing th...
In an embedded system, I require a watchdog to be able to pass ESD qualifications (the main reason for the watchdog requirement is that the device wasn't able to pass the harshest tests of the IEC ...
I have a photodiode and I want to connect it to an ADC to read the ambient light. For the context, non linearity is not an issue as I'm interested in knowing the amount of light in 3-4 levels. The...
Consider a device with a microSD card. The microcontroller writes to the SD card periodically. The operators have an ability to remove the microSD card at any time (they will be removing it every...
As a personal project, I have designed a synchronous FIFO in Verilog HDL. But while testing with a testbench, I observed that the FIFO values are flushed out after one clock cycle when read-enable ...
My control system gets a signal representing the plant output, but that signal has a lot of noise on it. The control system goes nuts trying to react to the noise. I need to filter out the noise ...
I’ve a linear sensor array (broadside). The array is 10m long and it contains 20 sensors. There’s a limit on the number of wires. I can have a handful of wires running the length of the array, b...
I have a hat board that has some high power solid state switches (mosfets). The hat is controlled by the main board. The hat and the main board are connected via pin headers, like an arduino. Th...
How does this circuit work, especially considering that it's intended to be used as a PT100 conditioner?
I am using an IR transceiver in my design.This IC is working at 3.3V supply.This IC need not be on always so I decided to give a control to it's shut down pin (Pin no 5,Shutdown Input. Active low)....
Looking at Texas Instruments opamp OPA2211it mentions GBW of 80MHz at a gain of 100, and 45MHz at gain of 1: Looking at the bandwidth graph from Figure 10 in datasheet: It looks like 80MHz is...
I am using TPS63000 in my design and I need to control PS/SYNC pin using a micro-controller. **The input to the buck boost converter is 3V to 4.3V which is coming from a battery. The microcontrol...
I’m trying to understand the biasing of a 2-terminal electret condenser microphone. The inner workings of a 2-terminal electret microphone are always drawn without a resistor at the JFET source. ...
I have an opto-coupler circuit where is very slow turn off. I can't figure out what is the cause of this problem. It's for UART isolation, with speed 9600 baud. Datasheet: EL357NC Do I have som...
I have a bed for which the headrest can be adjusted. There are 2 separate power inputs for each side like in the picture: In addition, there is a set of 9V batteries on each side, presumably for...
I don't find any of such cables, and the discussions on the web revolve around SATA being point-to-point and not designed for networked or shared storage. However, if one'd build a cable that is j...
Hi All! I've been looking at how to perform active battery balancing, and I'm currently struggling to understand which type of transistor to use to act as the switch for the "balancing capacitor"....
This problem investigates the behavior of the voltage across the capacitor in response to a step input: - I am asked to find the voltage Vc(t) without the use of differential equations or simula...
Rosenberger 23C25D-40ML5 specifies 500V RMS rating: Looking at the recommended landing pattern you can see that the distance between the signal landing pad and housing of the connector is 0....
Hi All, I have a query regarding the cable sizing and motor starting. I have a 200HP motor to feed Low voltage power @480V. The distance between the substation and the motor is 2000m. Voltage dro...
What are closest free or low-cost alternatives to software like Ansys PCB modelling? https://www.ansys.com/blog/optimize-your-pcb It's too costly for study purposes. To clarify: I am looking fo...
Do I need to consult FCC regulations in order to modify a laptop's internal WI-FI antennas to a new housing? This is quite common when modifying laptops to "slabtops". For example, one could 3D pr...
When posting identification or general questions related to connectors, integrated circuits or other parts with pins/legs, engineers always speak about something called pitch. What is the meaning ...
I'm trying to implement a circuit I read about in a book recently, but having a hard time deriving the relationships for the required impedances for error corrector balance. Here is the circuit: ...
Reading a Tesla Wall Adapter installation manual , their brand of an AC EV charger, chapter about “Ground Assurance” and here is the quote from there: Although the equipment can work with L1 and...
I'm looking for a power supply to power up the VCORE of an mcu. The chip is an STM32 microcontroller (LQFP) and the maximum current it will draw is no more than 150mA. The input will be 3V-5V max...
I am reading through a multi-channel power supply manual and at some point it discusses the ability to chain channels in parallel to increase current output. In the schematic, there is one resisto...
I have a PIC18 and I'm trying to detect whether it is connected on the CAN bus or not. When the PIC is not connected on the bus, and I load the transmit buffers, after setting the TXREQ flag. The ...
I've got a is self-powered USB device, which means that I have to do VBUS detection. The device is built around STM32G474. Unlike some other STM32s, the STM32G4 don't have a dedicated pin for VBUS...
I want to operate a BLE chip at very close to its absolute maximum voltage. The chip is nRF52810 This is intended for a battery powered device and I want to use a 3.6V non-rechargable battery dir...
I was reading through the datasheet of a boost converter, TPS61023 from TI. In the "Input Capacitor Selection section", they give the following advice: 8.2.2.5 Input Capacitor Selection Multil...
I am looking at this RF connector. I see that insulation resistance and breakdown voltage are specified, but no voltage rating: I have two questions, one functional and one safety. Functionally...
We have ESD tables in the laboratory with Earth Bonding Points: These are directly connected to PE (I measured). It is my understanding that equipment has to be connected to PE directly and ESD m...
A circuit under question: Why are CY capacitors on the source side, and not on the load side? Henry Ott describes this with: Because filter attenuation is a function of impedance mismatch, t...
In a general sinewave as below, is there a "right" way/"standardized" way to measure line frequency - and how do energy meters calculate that? measuring pulse width of half-period, ie. time elap...
Hello, I want to understand the math of the phenomena of capacitor as temporarary means of increasing the current supply. First I have created a current limited voltage source which give me 45V a...
Hello,i need to drive 5 mosfets as shown below. Each mosfet draws 15A when the pulse opens the mosfet. My power supply is gives the 48V but only 3.3A,If I understand correctly I need to put very...
I'm having trouble using the nodal equations to determine the base voltage Vb1 in the circuit below. I've attempted to write seven equations below, but not able to fit them in entirely. (12-Vx)...
