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Although the voltage drop across the current-sensing resistor R6 is floating and it can "move" between the 28 V rails, the A1A op-amp input voltages can (have to) vary within the 5 V power supply. ...
Answer
#1: Initial revision
Although the voltage drop across the current-sensing resistor R6 is floating and it can "move" between the 28 V rails, the A1A op-amp input voltages can (have to) vary within the 5 V power supply. So, you can protect the op-amp (and the whole circuit) against any overvoltages by connecting a bidirectional TVS diode between each input and ground. The only problem of this obvious solution can be the diode leakages.