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Q&A Opto-coupler, slow turn off

Some optos are really slow. What off time is yours specified for? Your circuit could be better. The transistor is turned on thru 1 kΩ, but off thru 11 kΩ. You are also giving it way more base c...

posted 6d ago by Olin Lathrop‭

Answer
#1: Initial revision by user avatar Olin Lathrop‭ · 2024-10-12T15:29:25Z (6 days ago)
Some optos are really slow.  What off time is yours specified for?

Your circuit could be better.  The transistor is turned on thru 1 k&Omega;, but off thru 11 k&Omega;.  You are also giving it way more base current than needed, slowing turn-off.

Move R318 to the other side of R317 and adjust both values.

Do some actual calculations.  With a 10 k&Omega; pullup to 3.3 V on the collector of Q301, the transistor needs to pass only 330 &micro;A.  1/10 of that is plenty to keep a 3904 in saturation, so 33 &micro;A into the base when the opto is on.

Let's decide that R318 (which is now directly between base and ground) should be 2 k&Omega; for reasonably fast turnoff.  At 750 mV on the base, that would draw 375 &micro;A.  To provide some margin, let's make sure everything works even if the B-E drop is 800 mV.  R318 would now draw 400 &micro;A.  Plus the current needed to turn on the transistor, 433 &micro;A needs to come thru the opto when it is on.

You didn't provide a link to the opto datasheet, so I'll pick 300 mV as the maximum guaranteed on-voltage of the opto.  With 800 mV on the base and the 3.3 V supply, that leaves 2.2 V across R317.  (2.2 V)/(433 &micro;A) = 5.08 k&Omega;, so 4.7 k&Omega; it is.

So in summary, move R318 to be directly on the base of Q301, change it to 2 k&Omega;, and change R317 to 4.7 k&Omega;.  I think you'll see a significant decrease in off-time that way.

Again, all this assumes the opto is fast enough to support your desired switch-off time in the first place. Since you didn't provide a link to a datasheet, I'll leave it for you to check.