Posts by Andy aka
a coil with plain on/off functionality, for example a 24VDC relay coil with 700mW max coil power. That means a coil current of 0.7 watts / 24 volts = ~30 mA. A relay might have a coil inducta...
It appears that a user's reputation score has disappeared from the top ribbon at the side of the user's login avatar/picture. Is this an intentional thing?
CAN is asynchronous and, if you receive a string of consecutive zeros, the UART mechanism that turns raw CAN data into "a byte" might have to wait a great deal longer than 1 bit of data before it c...
Is the risk of the opamp overdriving the ADC too great for no input protection to be used? I would certainly say yes but, this can usually be easily solved by using a current limit resistor in...
If I connect this to a 12V supply and expose it to 10us pulse: 12V*10us/475uH = 252mA $$$$ This current flows in the primary magnetization inductance (475 μH) after applying 12 volts for 10 μ...
I need to know what is the difference between differential amplifier and differentiator A differential amplifier amplifies the difference voltage between two signal voltages. A differentiator ...
In the absence of VNA product documentation...... Now, -9 dB is equivalent to a ratio of 0.34 approximately, and -3.53 db is equivalent to a ratio of 0.66 approximately. I expected S11 to be nea...
Is it because for AC signals the emitter looks like a short to ground and that essentially increases the voltage drop across the collector resistor? Yes. The gain of a common emitter amplifier is...
These are my general thoughts: - Easiest - power management IC (PMIC) Smallest footprint - PMIC usually Cheapest - usually PMIC (for a certain minimum performance level) Highest performance - PMIC...
Apart from the need to match impedances to prevent possibilities of signal reflections and the knock-on issue of signal nulls at your receiver LNA input, an antenna "expects" to be terminated in th...
How the real pros would translate these needs into design rules for a calculator? Speaking as a pro I wouldn't use a calculator because I'd use a simulator and tinker with a few values until I go...
If you are AC coupling to a load then you need an emitter resistor to set the DC operating point and quiescent current of the amplifier. An external AC coupled load cannot do this and, it needs to ...
$$\boxed{\text{What maximum value of } I_{OUT} \text{ did you have in mind?}}$$ Using $I_{OUT}$ and $V_{OUT}$ we calculate power uplift. Using power uplift and switching frequency, we calculate how...
To understand why complementary pairs are used, it's probably a good idea to think about the limitations of the NPN emitter-follower circuit: - It's a good circuit for delivering modest powers to ...
When the outage occurred, I observed the following The L1/G voltage difference was 120V (good). The G/L2 voltage difference was 90V (bad). The L1/L2 voltage difference was 30V (very bad!). If t...
Why has my reputation dropped significantly over-night from around 352 to 316? Why are there a bunch of new people listed with decent reputations who seem to have appeared from nowhere?
How do I calculate the inductance and capacitance out from the barrier to make sure it is less than the sensor values? The output capacitance and inductance from your zener barrier is irrelevant ...
Equivalent Circuit, 1:1 transformer Start by simplifying the circuit and change the transformer to a single inductor. This simplification ignores the benefits of isolation but, flyback converter t...
I need to design a simple flyback converter like this: - I want to control duty cycle from another circuit such as an MCU but, I'm unsure how to proceed. My requirements are: - Input voltage 125 ...
A couple of problems stick out; one glaring and one a little subtler. Read this in the data sheet: - You have the enable pin connected to your 25 volt output. I'm not saying this is definitely cau...
General cause of noise/interference The interference can be distant (such as lightning) or much closer (such as cables connecting "other" equipment) but, whatever the source, interference can be re...
What benefit has a differential amplifier when measuring the signal from a sensor that is remotely located such as in this example: - Why can't I use an arrangement like this: -
Input offset voltage $V_{OS}$ Your problem might be input offset voltage or $V_{OS}$. This can be several milli-volts and manifests as this modification to your original circuit (in red): - So, fo...
I've built a non-inverting op-amp amplifier with a gain of 101 using this circuit: - My input is 10 mV DC and I expected to measure 1.01 volts at the output but I measure 0.81 volts. What has happ...
To avoid shoot-through you should ensure that the active-low P-channel MOSFET gate drive voltage never overlaps with the active-high N-channel MOSFET gate drive voltage. With an inverter driving th...
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