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Comments on High pass filter design

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High pass filter design

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Despite there are many filter calculators available on the web, I still have difficulties to translate what I need into calculator design parameters.

For my application, I need ideally a high pass filter that kill everything below 60Hz, and keep everything near 100Hz. More mathematically, I would like a HP filter that keep 99% of the signal (voltage) at 90 Hz, and kill x % of the signal at 60Hz (say x = 98%, but I can compromise to reduce the complexity of the filter).

Other considerations are:

  1. I don't care of phase distortion
  2. active filter is OK
  3. max amplitude of the signal +/- 8V
  4. very weak current (it is to be the input of an oamp).

How the real pros would translate these needs into design rules for a calculator?

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General comments (3 comments)
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You are asking for a filter that passes 2% at 60 Hz and 99% at 90 Hz. That comes out to a transition of 97% of the amplitude within 0.6 of an octave, which is quite aggressive.

The real answer

My first reaction is that this smells like attempting to fix bad system-level design in the wrong place. Step back a few levels and think about the real problem, not the imagined solution of filtering out 60 Hz in a specific location in the signal path. What are you really trying to measure? What frequency range is the desired signal? Where is the source of 60 Hz noise coming from?

If your real problem is 60 Hz noise from the power line is getting into some low level signal, ask about that directly, probably in a separate question here.

It is also suspicious that a ±8 V signal of limited bandwidth needs to go into an opamp at all. Manipulating a signal like that in the analog domain went out in the 1980s. Again, pop up a few levels and explain what the overall system is trying to accomplish. It smells like this signal should go into a microcontroller, perhaps with DSP capability, and be dealt with digitally from there.

Answer about the filter

Forget about doing this with analog components. A purely analog filter would be quite complex, the part values would need to be within an accuracy you can't get, and would likely require complicated trimming.

What you want is a sinc filter. Actually the convolution with a sinc yields a low pass filter. You want the inverse of that, but the underlying math is still that of a sinc. For the specified sharpness of the transition region, you will probably need several 100 points in the convolution kernel. How tractable this is depends on the highest frequency of interest, which you haven't told us.

Again, though, the right answer is to not be in this predicament in the first place. Go back and fix whatever the real problem is at the system level.


Indeed, the 50-60Hz noise comes from ambiant capacitive coupling of my fieldmeter probe with the near power lines.

I'll assume by "fieldmeter" you mean what is usually called a "field mill"? That is two electrodes rotating on a drum, used to measure static electric field. These are used, for example, to measure the field buildup before a lightning strike.

If the above is true, then there is a much easier way to deal with 50 or 60 Hz power line interference. That is to process the measurements synchronously to the drum rotation. With the drum rotation speed sufficiently different from the noise frequency, a notch filter at the drum frequency should do.

Put another way, your frequency range of interest is only a narrow band around the drum rotation frequency. Selecting only for that is much easier than trying to make a tight high or low pass filter.

Since the drum speed is "slow" compared to what a modern microcontroller can do, this is rather easily done digitally. The measured signal is multiplied by sin and cos of the drum frequency. After some additional manipulation, you get the field amplitude and direction in the plane of the drum rotation.

You could also probably just buy a field mill.


I know nothing about digital electronics, microprocessor etc. It's a pity because this would probably simplify things, but it's not really needed for this research project. In a word, you can see me as a high level analog electronic tinkerer.

That doesn't change what is possible with analog electronics. Although we need more details about this "fieldmeter" you are trying to build, it sounds like the processing would be rather simple in a microcontroller, and quite difficult in analog electronics.

If this is not your area of expertise, work with someone for whom it is.

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General comments (5 comments)
General comments
coquelicot‭ wrote about 4 years ago

@olin. Thank you for trying to help me. Indeed, the 50-60Hz noise comes from ambiant capacitive coupling of my fieldmeter probe with the near power lines. Unfortunately, I have to amplify the tiny signal out of the probe and the noise is amplified as well. The fieldmeter works very well, but the 50Hz noise reduce the resolution.

Skipping 3 deleted comments.

Lundin‭ wrote about 4 years ago · edited about 4 years ago

@coquelicot Is the power supply part of your product or designed by someone else? Can you modify it or buy a better one? Does it have a common-mode choke? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choke_(electronics) It usually looks exactly like the one on the top of the wiki page: a somewhat big, through-hole mounted component with visible coils.

coquelicot‭ wrote about 4 years ago

@Lundin. Thank you for helping me. The power supply is two 9V batteries inside a metal box (all the electronics is included inside the box to avoid main pickup, and the wire to the probe is a USB shielded wire). The problem is not the noise from the power supply, but the noise picked up by the extremity of the probe from the surrounding power lines, I'm sure. It is impossible to isolate the probe from the noise, since the probe has to be exposed to the field.

coquelicot‭ wrote about 4 years ago

@Olin. Thank you for having updating your answer. Of course, I was perfectly aware that with a faster rotation speed, I could filter the noise easily. Unfortunately, my budget is restricted and I do everything by myself. In particular, I have to cope with the material I have in my lab: Modifying the probe I have built with hardness is now much more difficult for me than adding a filter inside the electronics.

coquelicot‭ wrote about 4 years ago · edited about 4 years ago

@Olin. The field mill is interesting and I was unaware of it. But as far as I understand, it is not well suited to my needs (especially its physical aspect). The electrostatic field meter I've conceived and built is interesting because it is extremely simple and handy, can give very precise measurements (if built more cleverly than I could) and use the self capacitance of a rotating sheet (a unique feature). I've thought to write a "paper" in this forum about that, but I'm not sure.