Posts by Andy aka
For any 2nd order low pass filter, the components (R, L and C for electrical and k, M and c for mechanical) can be reduced into two more meaningful quantities: - $\zeta$ (the damping ratio) $\omeg...
When should a transformer core be potted? Should it be potted at all? For this type of job, you would pot the transformer when you can't obtain the necessary creepage and clearance between the...
An important formula in physics is one that relates the speed of an EM wave (c for instance) with the magnetic permeability and electric permittivity of the medium. In short: - $$c = \dfrac{1}{\sq...
It's still happening: - Can someone actually do anything about this? This has happened on stack exchange before but this is ridiculously more far fetched than what has ever happened there. Do y...
How is it possible to generate 500V on a trafo secondary given the 1:1 ratio? In a DCM flyback transformer circuit, the secondary winding is being used as a pure inductor. So, once the primary...
Please let me know if there is anything wrong with this logic. So far so good. The voltage clamp (3 zener diodes for European IS category iA and two for category iB) is the limiter on voltage ...
Inductance is defined by the shape of the coil, the area of the coil, the number of turns in the coil, the distance between turns, the ferromagnetic permeability of material within (and surrounding...
What would be the main considerations to use Pi-filters for EMC? Using the filter correctly and understanding its limitations EMC or EMI (electromagnetic interference) is noted for its high frequ...
How can we extract a DC signal from a mixed signal? You use a low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency that is significantly lower than your lowest AC signal frequency. If you need better filt...
Why has my reputation dropped significantly over-night from around 352 to 316? Why are there a bunch of new people listed with decent reputations who seem to have appeared from nowhere?
You might get lucky and be able to measure the input resistance using this method. It should work because the black socket (common) is shared by all measurements.
General cause of noise/interference The interference can be distant (such as lightning) or much closer (such as cables connecting "other" equipment) but, whatever the source, interference can be re...
Input offset voltage $V_{OS}$ Your problem might be input offset voltage or $V_{OS}$. This can be several milli-volts and manifests as this modification to your original circuit (in red): - So, fo...
The data sheet gives a perfectly good example of using the nRF24L01 without an external PA. It has an internal PA capable of driving an antenna <-- just look at the design example on page 63 wit...
The Murata part you have chosen as a replacement is unsuitable. Its only application is to cheaply replace crystals in oscillators and, as such, it will have a profoundly tight bandwidth (maybe les...
To understand why complementary pairs are used, it's probably a good idea to think about the limitations of the NPN emitter-follower circuit: - It's a good circuit for delivering modest powers to ...
The website that I mentioned before mentions the max flux density in ferrites at 400 kHz as being close to 0.04 T. Is this correct? No, you have misinterpreted the graph. The graph shown is fl...
An on-line boost converter calculator Image from this website. The Operating Mode The circuit operates in either of two modes but, the voltage transfer equation is different for each mode. Therefo...
A loss-less coaxial cable has inductance and capacitance and, their associated formulas introduce $\epsilon$ and $\mu$. But, to home-in on the velocity of propagation, the characteristic impedance ...
It's got nothing to do with the MOSFET's miller capacitance. Miller capacitance causes problems in common-source circuits but, your circuit is common-drain (or source follower) hence, with a steady...
Why are CY capacitors on the source side, and not on the load side? You may not be grasping what the image shows. The left-side port connects to the AC power-line. It supplies power to the rig...
Which topology is preferable? The one below because the LED driver is less likely to produce instability and, if it does, you can always tweak C4 (upwards) in order to kill-off the potentially...
What part of the absolute maximum ratings for the A and B data lines do you think would be protected by 33 volt TVS diodes: - If the chip is powered from a 5 volt supply then you use 5.6 volt TV...
How can I acquire electronic parts/items/modules and ensure that there is minimal risk of them being unsuitable for my project or design?
There is no definite answer to this but, if you want my advice, you store all symbols and footprints locally with your project. Of course you may begin by using standard parts from a global (comes-...
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