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MOV are bidirectional components suitable for both AC and DC circuits, TVS are most often unidirectional, despite bidirectional TVS are also available; conducts more current compared to TVS diod...
This sounds like it could be a Paper (https://electrical.codidact.com/categories/35) if written up nicely. It doesn't make sense as a question because you're telling, not asking. I haven't heard ...
Since we are trying to keep the impedance matched to 50 ohms, what is the best strategy to approach this circuit? A low pass $\pi$ network seems a good route to go. Basically your $\pi$ networ...
My question is trying to understand if there is an effect on the switching time, on both turn-on and turn-off, between the following configurations. A mirror set up to switch a current, and there ...
Sometimes cables between utility poles make a loop and do a U-turn. What is the purpose of such loops? The loop I'm asking about is in the lower set of wires towards the left of the picture. The...
Hi there! The on-topic page https://electrical.codidact.com/help/topics might need a bit of tweaking and discussion. I think it is important that such a page attempts to be as specific as possible ...
I'm trying to understand a circuit for driving a LED found on a board I purchased. Below is the circuit driven by an I/O pin (HS2) of a small 3.3V processor. The HS2 pin is driven by the I/O wi...
The reason the transistor is dying is because you didn't put a flyback diode across the relay coil. Relay coils have significant inductance. This means the current can't change instantly without t...
I'm trying to drive a relay according to a 5 V digital signal, using this circuit: It works for a while, but then the transistor fails. When I replace the transistor, it works for a while again, ...
First, let's redraw the circuit a little more clearly, with logical flow left to right. This also protects the answer from possible changes to the question. As you say, Q1 is a switch to control ...
I have seen pi-filters using chokes, ferrite-beads, and plain inductors as the L-element What are the main differences between them? when use one or other?
For any 2nd order low pass filter, the components (R, L and C for electrical and k, M and c for mechanical) can be reduced into two more meaningful quantities: - $\zeta$ (the damping ratio) $\omeg...
What would be the main considerations to use Pi-filters for EMC? Using the filter correctly and understanding its limitations EMC or EMI (electromagnetic interference) is noted for its high frequ...
If you search through the electrolytic capacitor offerings from distributors like Farnell, RS, Digikey or Mouser, you find that the maximum life-time rating is commonly quoted as 5,000 or 10,000 ho...
Sounds like you have JavaScript disabled for this site. There is a live preview feature available, but it necessarily requires JavaScript to work; without JS enabled, it just... won't. As for your ...
If the external power supply to a device fails, and I can't get the exact model, what do I need to specify to get the right replacement? I can re-use the old supply's connector, but what about the...
An important formula in physics is one that relates the speed of an EM wave (c for instance) with the magnetic permeability and electric permittivity of the medium. In short: - $$c = \dfrac{1}{\sq...
I'm working on another project with extreme EMC requirements as per various notorious military EMC standards. Civilian product but for military use, and as such subject to the toughest levels of co...
Suppose I have a planar PCB transformer. The primary and secondary coils are printed on different PCBs. The core is inserted through these PCBs to link the two coils. The primary is at a low voltag...
When should a transformer core be potted? Should it be potted at all? For this type of job, you would pot the transformer when you can't obtain the necessary creepage and clearance between the...
[I used to work at Microchip.] Is it [node size] at all important [for power management ICs] ? For power conversion ICs cutting edge MOSFETs on the scale of 5nm aren't important, because powe...
I have seen multiple sources on the web discussing what they call concentric twist harnesses. It boils down to having a wiring harness built in layers, where each layer is twisted around the previo...
Something that hasn't been mentioned in other posts yet is that ESD events needn't be utterly destructive. Most ESD events are "microevents". That is, they don't damage a part by rendering it non-o...
A definitive answer is hard to give, since the information is not easily available. However, after a bit of research I'm inclined to believe that the most common materials are copper, copper alloys...
Do micro-RF connector mating crimp connectors are ever sold separately together with a crimp tool? For example this I have looked through a lot of pages, and can only find PCB connectors + cable a...
