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I am eager to create a flyback converter for driving the high side MOSFET. Here is a snapshot of my work so far: 555 timer starts with generating ~100kHz 12V signal on Q1. Q2 is monitoring the v...
Although I have done multiple PCB designs which passed FCC and CE equivalents using the MCU's/Multiple MCU's, I have a doubt about how to approach the high speed design using FPGA SoC - main thing ...
I have seen pi-filters using chokes, ferrite-beads, and plain inductors as the L-element What are the main differences between them? when use one or other?
Introduction: In some books and other technical papers (also from universities) it is - surprisingly - still claimed that the bipolar transistor (BJT) would be a current-controlled element. This is...
I am designing a PCB that has to have class 1 div 1 associated apparatus (only the outputs to the sensor) certification. Essentially, I am using a boost converter to convert the voltage from a lith...
I used to live in the United States, and my microwave ovens' turntables turned at six rotations per minute (RPM). I now live in Israel, and my microwave oven's turntable rotates at five RPM. Annoye...
When should I consider using RTOS in my application? Every microcontroller has a good number of interrupts then what is the need of it?
I've heard that input signals to digital circuits should be "de-bounced", at least sometimes. What is de-bouncing? Why is it needed? When is it needed? What is bouncing around in the first place?
What happens to the overall accuracy of a resistor if I implement it as multiple resistors in series or parallel? For example, can I get better than 2 kΩ 5% by putting two 1 kΩ 5% resistors in ser...
I am designing a 4-layer PCB that has both analog and digital circuitry throughout it. The analog section involves high return currents as well as ADCs sampling the voltage across sense resistors a...
I don't know whether this question is on-topic or not but answering this helps a lot of future electronics entrepreneurs like me understand how the product design and development time estimation ta...
Usually, voltage followers are built with bipolar transistors (or with opamps if better precision is needed). In this case, the simple rule says that the transistor emitter "follows" the input vol...
I've built a non-inverting op-amp amplifier with a gain of 101 using this circuit: - My input is 10 mV DC and I expected to measure 1.01 volts at the output but I measure 0.81 volts. What has happ...
Recently, my home suffered a partial power outage, and due to curiosity and a desire to learn more about residential AC power, I'm trying to understand how the event that took place resulted in the...
What benefit has a differential amplifier when measuring the signal from a sensor that is remotely located such as in this example: - Why can't I use an arrangement like this: -
What is the relationship between the pole zero diagram and bode plot? Case example: a 2nd order RLC low pass filter: - $$\dfrac{V_{OUT}}{V_{IN}} = \dfrac{\frac{1}{j\omega C}}{R+j\omega L +\frac{1}...
Why does the Darlington or Sziklai configurations need complementary transistors? For these configurations, when should I use complementary pairs and when could I use not complementary pairs ?
I need to design a simple flyback converter like this: - I want to control duty cycle from another circuit such as an MCU but, I'm unsure how to proceed. My requirements are: - Input voltage 125 ...
Consider this statement "A voltage source is heavily loaded",what does this mean? I mean that whether the load resistance is high or there is huge drop in source voltage at load due to internal res...
I've heard that a bootloader is code that runs on a microcontroller, and is used to get your application code onto the micro. How does that work? Is there anything special that needs to be done to...
In theory (I mean in my engineering curriculum) I never found a diode in a mosfet symbol but in datasheets there is a diode called as body diode in both pmos and nmos.Please explain its significan...
I'm using a variable duty cycle square-wave oscillator to drive a half-bridge MOSFET pair like this. Upper MOSFET is P-channel type, lower MOSFET is N-channel type: - And, I think I'm getting shoo...
Recently I had opened an remote control (RC) toy to see its circuit and found that it operates on 27 Mhz. Not just that toy even many toys operate in that 27 and 49 Mhz band. These days we find eve...
Hello. I have a grounding problem on my acquisition system. I have read many articles, app notes and whatever but still could not find a convincing solution for the topic. The acquisition system is...
I can't get my CAN bus application (ISO 11898-2, classic "high speed CAN") working and I'm receiving various CAN error frames. These error frames manifest themselves as sequences of 6 bits with my ...
If you search through the electrolytic capacitor offerings from distributors like Farnell, RS, Digikey or Mouser, you find that the maximum life-time rating is commonly quoted as 5,000 or 10,000 ho...
