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I have a photodiode and I want to connect it to an ADC to read the ambient light. For the context, non linearity is not an issue as I'm interested in knowing the amount of light in 3-4 levels. The...
Trace width is a silly thing to worry about at such low currents and high impedances. You've got 1 MΩ resistances in the signal path, and the opamp input is presumably much higher impedance than t...
An on-line boost converter calculator Image from this website. The Operating Mode The circuit operates in either of two modes but, the voltage transfer equation is different for each mode. Therefo...
The short phrase is trying to capture the two broad classes of topics here: Electronic things, like opamps, transistors, microcontrollers, 20 W power supplies, and the like. Utility-scale power sys...
I always have a doubt that how do firmware engineers dump code into a quad flat microcontroller? For a starter kit there is already connection like USB or some SPI ,I2C headers to burn the code,als...
I'm adding to Olin's answer with a little bit of theory (from the standpoint of an EE) and I'm also showing a 2nd order IIR filter. The 2nd order filter is based on cascading two 1st order stages w...
Voltage Rating If a device says it needs a particular voltage, then you have to assume it needs that voltage. Both lower and higher could be bad. When no tolerance or input voltage range is specif...
Datasheets are your friend Before buying components, you should read the datasheet. A datasheet for an electronic component includes a wealth of information, such as: Physical dimensions for mount...
First let's define what a "Pi filter" is: The name comes from the inductor and two caps forming the shape of the Greek letter Π. These filters are used for EMC compliance because they attenuate hi...
Pi filters are often used to block high frequencies between a device and the power line it draws power from. In such applications, the considerations specifying the inductor include: How much powe...
It is common to have a series resistor to limit the current trough an LED. I saw a circuit using the LED driver: stp16cpc26. but instead having the series resistor, they are in parallel. This LED...
I see a lot of common collector amplifiers with the output taken across an emitter resistor. What is the purpose of doing it this way instead of connecting your load directly to the emitter? I sh...
Are BOM/PCB assembly cost cost optimization questions on-topic here? I can see how chasing down specific parts, prices and vendors ought to be off-topic, so I don't mean outright shopping/second so...
1 - Signal 2 - GND 3 - PWR 4 - Signal This seems to be common advice, especially on the 'net someplace, but that doesn't make it good. Stop and actually think about what problem you are trying to s...
Roughly around 27 MHz is the old "CB" (Citizen's Band, 11 meter) frequency block. The advantage of this band is that it is free to use with limited power. This is the band "walkie talkies" used t...
Just to let you know: if one day you have to use the LM337 negative voltage regulator, protect everything with TVS or Zeners. This is the most failing component I've ever seen (and I'm not the only...
You haven't provided any context, so there is little to say about this particular design. For all we know from what you told us, this could be homework from a student that just made a mistake. How...
I always had trouble understanding the terms "digital" and "analog" A digital signal is intended to indicate one of a finite set of discrete states. The number of discrete states is usually two fo...
You are forgetting that the transmitter plays part of it too. ACK is dominant simply because the transmitter sends ACK as recessive and any receiver must be able to override the recessive state of ...
Don't put the "protective" series resistor: connect directly your regulated power supply to the diode (with a short wire) and measure the current: the voltage regulator is all what you need to prot...
Allow me to address the MOSFET only as a source follower. this has very unpredictable linear use without voltage = current feedback as the RdsOn at threshold has a wide tolerance.(>20%) (Many...
I have boycotted the SE and neither asked or answered any questions so am happy to have a new home here. I'm glad you're here. You might also want to mention this in your SE profile, and point pe...
"Also, if there is a way to control this drop (without using an oamp), what are the design rules, or perhaps the rules of thumbs ?" "I reformulate this question:do you see any reason to use a FET ...
FET source-followers are generally less predictable than BJT (bipolar junction transistor, like NPN or PNP) emitter-followers. An emitter follower output is one diode drop below the input. The vo...
[I’m asking this question out of curiosity. I understand that this aspect of the CAN bus specification is what it is, and can not change.] The ACK bit in any CAN data frame is dominant. Each rece...
