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No, none of your signals sound like "high speed". However, that doesn't mean you should ignore high frequency noise issues. If you can dedicate one layer to be mostly a ground plane, that would b...
I have a photodiode and I want to connect it to an ADC to read the ambient light. For the context, non linearity is not an issue as I'm interested in knowing the amount of light in 3-4 levels. The...
An on-line boost converter calculator Image from this website. The Operating Mode The circuit operates in either of two modes but, the voltage transfer equation is different for each mode. Therefo...
The short phrase is trying to capture the two broad classes of topics here: Electronic things, like opamps, transistors, microcontrollers, 20 W power supplies, and the like. Utility-scale power sys...
I always have a doubt that how do firmware engineers dump code into a quad flat microcontroller? For a starter kit there is already connection like USB or some SPI ,I2C headers to burn the code,als...
I'm adding to Olin's answer with a little bit of theory (from the standpoint of an EE) and I'm also showing a 2nd order IIR filter. The 2nd order filter is based on cascading two 1st order stages w...
Voltage Rating If a device says it needs a particular voltage, then you have to assume it needs that voltage. Both lower and higher could be bad. When no tolerance or input voltage range is specif...
Datasheets are your friend Before buying components, you should read the datasheet. A datasheet for an electronic component includes a wealth of information, such as: Physical dimensions for mount...
First let's define what a "Pi filter" is: The name comes from the inductor and two caps forming the shape of the Greek letter Π. These filters are used for EMC compliance because they attenuate hi...
Pi filters are often used to block high frequencies between a device and the power line it draws power from. In such applications, the considerations specifying the inductor include: How much powe...
Another hardware solution There is another hardware debouncing technique widely used in the past. It is implemented by an SPDT push button driving (buffered by) an RS latch. (ganssle.com) This con...
The microwave oven uses frequencies near some types of WiFi. The very strong radiation created by the oven is meant to stay inside the oven. However, even if only a small fraction gets out, it co...
I am planning to buy an oscilloscope and my applications can be some smps projects, microcontroller based projects,hobbyist projects but not heavy industrial applications.Can I ask questions like w...
I'm adding this as a corollary to Olin's post, in case an exact formula for attenuation is needed. That basic IIR is derived from the exponential moving average, and its impulse response is: $$h[n]...
A MOSFET has its gate, source and drain on the top side [1]. These structures are sitting on top of the substrate, which is also called body or bulk. The source and drain are n-doped, while the...
The key to writing good self-answered Q&A is to try to write the question just as if you didn't know the answer. That is, it has to fulfil the usual quality criteria for normal questions. This ...
In most cases, the common-collector stage (emitter follower) is used as a buffer stage (unity gain). It is, therefore, an independent stage, whose mode of operation should not be determined by the ...
There are a number of things that are unclear. You talk about the red and IR phases of the light sensor signal being demultiplexed into separate red and IR signals, but there is no evidence of thi...
EMPs (electro-magnetic pulses) occur naturally often. Every lightning strike is one example. Larger EMPs have been created artificially with nuclear weapons. The Starfish Prime H-bomb test cause...
I am trying to build an active-low digital isolated switch capable of withstanding 32VDC voltage without creating any damage to the system. This is the snapshot of the circuit not fulfilling the r...
To summarize, it seems you want a circuit that will detect an input voltage high/low with a threshold somewhere between 0 and 3.3 V, must operate correctly with 0-3.3 V input, but must tolerate inp...
First Circuit Let's start by looking at the conventional current mirror circuit: The base of Q1 (Not sure which one that is? Use component designators next time!) is driven to whatever it takes...
I'm trying to modify a LED torch, and there is a DC-DC booster (1.5 V to 3.3 V) and after that some SOT-23 device which (I assume) keeps constant 90 mA current through LED. I know I could remove th...
Your circuit It doesn't make sense that the yellow blob is a current sink: If it were a current sink, then there would be no point to the resistor in series with it. That only wastes power, re...
Assume my oscilloscope is grounded, and the DUT is grounded as well (earth ground). I am using a standard 10 Mohm impedance 1:10 passive probe. So, the ground terminal of the probe is in fact con...
