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A higher voltage can be produced at 1:1 ratio because the transformer is being run in flyback mode. Unlike normal forward mode, the primary and secondary don't conduct at the same time. The input...
Those are good questions, and I don't have a single definitive answer for them. I'd start with putting an appropriate TVS (or maybe separate diodes to ground and 3.3 V) between C3 and S1. My reas...
Your description is confusing due to lots of hand waving, so it is hard to be specific. However, an isolated section should be separated from the non-isolated parts laterally. It depends on the e...
This question is asked in an addition to https://electrical.codidact.com/posts/276436 Here is a Flyback converter mentioned there: Design parameters are: Input voltage 125 volts Output volt...
Your third equation defines impedance. Rearranged to solve for Z, it is: Z = V / I Note that this is exactly Ohms law when V and I are real numbers. In the general case of impedance, all th...
Follow the current. Q3 is a controlled current sink. Whatever voltage is applied to its base appears across R11 minus the B-E drop. That voltage on R11 causes a particular current to flow. That...
Please note that the text refers to the integral, or the mathematical evaluation through integration which, indeed, cannot be obtained. But that doesn't mean you can't obtain the Laplace transfer f...
I have a 4-20 mA digital air pressure regulator which is controlled by and reports its pressure by being the current sink in two independent 4-20 mA current loops. Our control system utilizes Anal...
Building on a previous question about terminology, I am trying to arrive at a solution to connect a digital air pressure regulator that sinks current as part of its 4-20 mA current feedback loop to...
One of the first things you should do is provide a connection for the scope probe ground. If you think you'll be regularly looking at signals on this board, then one of those little loops or pins ...
calculate the voltage that will center the magnetic field of a coil This is not possible since the voltage has no effect on the position or shape of the magnetic field. The position and shape are...
In the auotmotive context, does it matter where the fat load-dump grade diode is placed in relation to the MOSFET so as to protect it from both fast positive transients and the longer load dump ? ...
10Hz to 10Mhz is a wide frequency range, it would be very hard to cover that whole range in the analogue domain, as you have discovered analogue oscillators that can span more than a factor of abou...
I have also designed and ordered a PCB It seems rather pointless to ask after you've already ordered the board. only uses THT-components That's just plain silly. This is the kind of thing that ...
I am working on routing a microprocessor to two identical single data rate (SDR) SDRAM chips that are PC166 compliant, particularly Alliance AS4C16M16SB-6TIN. The 16 bit SDRAM chips are combined t...
I am using the AD620 as instrumentation amplifier to amplify the body's ECG signal. An ECG is a differential signal (measured with two electrodes) and I want a differential gain of Gd=1000 . The ...
I am an electrical engineering student and I just finished designing an ECG-amplifier circuit. Here is the schematic: - It is fairly simple. Initially, there is a 1st order highpass filter. Then...
I have a small solar panel rated for 6V/DC, 150mA. I know that those specs are under ideal circumstances, and I would like to do some measurements in different weather conditions to see what I can ...
Background. I have a legacy battery system that is comprised of twenty-four 12V Li-ion battery modules (self-protected), enclosed in a shell with the charging connection provided as a common groun...
Application notes for microcontrollers or other ICs that have an internal 10M/100M ethernet PHY module differ in their requirements for the external interface components. It seems that the PHY des...
Is the cell voltage (at a modest charging rate) mostly determined by thermodynamics on the electrode surfaces and resistances of electrolyte and electrode particles, or there is a non-negligible ki...
Capacitors are lossless with 0 ESR and rise in temperature and become less reliable by 50% for every 10’C rise due to I^2ESR=Pd losses. However the current spectrum must be known with the ESR frequ...
say that materials should be small and focused There are many many theories of how to best present information. Any one or two particular opinions aren't really relevant, especially since there i...
At some point the MOSFET approach will lose to diode if current is sufficiently high: The drain-source resistance will cause the forward voltage drop to go up linearly. So picking a MOSFET with ...
While doing some reading on RF designs I ran across this paragraph: I have never designed an RF circuit, but all the PCB trace antennas I have seen on development boards are square. For example,...
