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Suppose we have this graph: How can we find the operating point (Q)?In common emitter collector we just draw a line from the vertical axis (Ic) at the point (0,VCC/RC) to the horizontal axis a...
The question being asked Ultimately, I want to know why the output voltage wasn't the expected (via calculation) 11.72V when the estimated drop-out voltage at the ~0.1A load was about 200mV. The i...
I want 3 SMPS (AC-DC) : Vout/Iout - 5V/20A , 12V/75A , 24V/30A Vin (AC) ~ 220V/50Hz I want it such that I can use Hard & Soft Kill Switches for turning off. Can you help me with the same. I tho...
I'm designing remote controller based on NRF24L01 and STM32. I want to use SMA antenna. My question is regarding power amplifier (PA). When is it necessary to use one? The range I'm aiming for is 2...
I have a design of a power line communication using the following IC. https://www.yamar.com/datasheet/DS-SIG60.pdf My design is the same as the example circuit in the datasheet of the chip. Th...
I am having a difficult time picturing the flow of current and the role of the capacitor during the OFF time of a buck converter. Here is my understanding so far. During the ON time the magnetic fi...
I have a battery pack that consists of 18650 battery cells(14 cells in series max.). Hence, the voltage of the battery pack will be between 35V and 60V(to be on the safe side) I am designing a BMS...
This question is asked in an addition to https://electrical.codidact.com/posts/276436 Here is a Flyback converter mentioned there: Design parameters are: Input voltage 125 volts Output volt...
My goal is to make an RC car, and I have a couple of questions regarding driving the brushed DC motor. Schematic for half of my H-bridge looks like this for now (it will be identical on the other s...
I have a question about this circuit:(critically damped oscillation) For a critically damped oscillation for a series RLC circuit the equation of current has this form I(t)=D1te^(-at)+D2e^(-at) ...
How to find the equation of current of the RLC circuit after the switch is moved?
How to find the equation of voltage of the top common node of R1,L1 and C1 after the switch is moved?
Can we make a n-bit subtractor using full subtractors or if we want do subtract one binary from another we must use full adders and use the complement of the 2nd number to do the subtraction? I ha...
If we want to divide two numbers I have problem implementing this logic.I am posting 1 images with 2 different steps to the solution. In example a) the most significant digits of the divident >...
I have a problem which I don’t understand how to solve. I have this 2-bit adder, but when I select A1AO to be (11)2 3 and B1BO to be (11)2 3 and run it on Logisim it doesn’t show me 6. Instead it s...
Suppose we have this stream of data.Let's assume the data stream lasts 1 sec. How do we find the bandwidth of the data?Do we Fourier transform the signal in order to find its components in the ...
Before the circuit here are the digital blocks which have been already designed and exist as part of the division block 1 bit subtractor: 2 bit subtractor(in the digital block diagram of the di...
Here is the bootstrapping technique for opamps, as exposed in the Art of Electronics:. This technique is supposed to increase considerably the input impedance of the opamp for an AC input source (...
What is the concept behind the dynamic resistance that often pops up when dealing with non-linear components and the circuits in which they are employed? Is the concept related to other terms like...
I know that in transistors there is base, collector and emitter, and in FETs there is gate, drain and source, but what is the fourth grounded connection opposite the gate in this NMOS circuit?
I am using two 18650 cells in series to power a RC car. Is the voltage goes below 6.2 V, the battery should be disconnected to prevent over discharging the battery. At the same time I want to imple...
When recording an ECG signal, the raw signal is taken from the body and sent into an ECG amplifier to amplify the signal to a suitable range and remove common mode and other types of noise. Measur...
Design a suitable experiment and an AC circuit to verify Thevenin's theorem when the load is a single-phase induction motor with a capacitive start and two supplies feed the load. Ratings of load:...
I have been observing these little cases hanging to the wires from a long time. They are almost everywhere here in India, but I was unable to find out what they are. I am not sure whether they are...
A full wave rectifier converts a sine wave to DC pulsed signal of double frequency. Is there a circuit which does the reverse process?
I need a Sine Wave Oscillator circuit that can allow me to control its frequency with a microcontroller. Until now all the topologies that I have found if the frequency is changed, a change in the ...
I have the following problem: - Using Wikipedia I find that during CCM we have the relation: - $$\frac{V_{out}}{V_{in}} = -\frac{D}{1-D} $$Solving for $D$ and inserting values gives me $$D...
I have recently finished designing a buck-boost converter for a job that uses a split (+/-) input power supply. Load power is taken equally from both positive and negative input supplies and, the ...
If I connect a battery to an LC tank and then to an antenna and then on the other side at a distance x, I connect an antenna to another LC tank and this to a diode and this to an LED, Do a I have a...
I am working on routing a microprocessor to two identical single data rate (SDR) SDRAM chips that are PC166 compliant, particularly Alliance AS4C16M16SB-6TIN. The 16 bit SDRAM chips are combined t...
I am designing a 4-layer PCB that has both analog and digital circuitry throughout it. The analog section involves high return currents as well as ADCs sampling the voltage across sense resistors a...
I was watching this video by w2aew on the function of ceramic bypass capacitors, and at 6:00 he states that high-frequency currents take the path of least-impedance and make their way to the power ...
A differential amplifier amplifies the difference between the two input voltages but suppresses any voltage common to the two inputs. Based on this scheme the differential amplifier is substrac...
More about the circuit The circuit is sensing (low side sensing for many reasons) current used to power up the lights with 28V(part of the schematics not shown here -> relay with LC filter ...
In this circuit below the relay circuit part is acting as an inrush current limiter, but I can't understand how it works since the current is flowing in both conditions where the relay is open or c...
I have an mcu pin and I want to sense a voltage up to 24V to 36V. I want to connect some outputs on the board I'm designing and I don't know whether those outputs will provide a voltage or will be...
Hi guys so recently i was looking for a mosfet and a gate drivers and between a lot of their specification the rise/fall time and Turn-On/off Delay Time sometime it called propagation. My question...
Based on this paper on Wiki a diode can be described as a frequency mixer due to the exponential relationship between current and voltage.What I don't get from which point to which point do we meas...
Suppose we have this circuit which is supposed to be an unbalanced frequency mixer. But how does the diode generate a signal with new frequencies at the output?
I've seen a few different circuits (a) (b) (c) (d) described as "an O-ring circuit" or "an optimal O-ring circuit". What does the "O" and the "ring" refer to in such circuits? How do "O-ring circ...
We identify semiconducting electrical components this way: The first digit represents the number of pn junctions inside the semiconducting device The two or more digit number starting at position...
If we a varactor and we want to control let's say the resonant frequency of the circuit ,in my schematic we must add R1 correct?Else we create a low resistance path for current to flow not through ...
Which are the parameters I should looking for when picking a flyback diode to be placed across a generic coil, such as a relay? That is: a coil with plain on/off functionality, for example a 24VDC ...
I've accidentally burnt my dimmer with a short. It is a common dimmer with a triac/diac/pot of the simplest configuration (the triac is a BTA16). After replacing the triac, this still does not work...
This application note from Linear Technology discusses oscillations in opamp circuits and some compensation schemes. One method discussed for reducing phase shifts in the loop gain due to the RC ne...
I am designing a PCB that has to have class 1 div 1 associated apparatus (only the outputs to the sensor) certification. Essentially, I am using a boost converter to convert the voltage from a lith...
I have seen pi-filters using chokes, ferrite-beads, and plain inductors as the L-element What are the main differences between them? when use one or other?
My question is trying to understand if there is an effect on the switching time, on both turn-on and turn-off, between the following configurations. A mirror set up to switch a current, and there ...
What is your best suggestion for building a follower that would ideally satisfy the following spec: frequency: from 100 Hz (or lower) to 1 GHz input signal impedance: 1 Mohm input signal ampli...
I am calculating the base current of transistor Q1. To simplify the circuit equations, I applied the Thévenin's theorem twice and converted V1, R1 and R2 into Vth and Rth, as shown in the image. ...
