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Q&A

General Q&A about the design and function of electronic systems, electric power systems and infrastructure, their theory, and tools specific to those fields. Read these guidelines before posting.

37%
+1 −3
Bandwidth of serial signal

Suppose we have this stream of data.Let's assume the data stream lasts 1 sec. How do we find the bandwidth of the data?Do we Fourier transform the signal in order to find its components in the ...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

42%
+1 −2
Splitting of message inside the layers [closed]

Assume a app generates a message (stack on computer).Each layer of the sending entity will put then control information in the data depending on the protocol and transmit the data to the next lowe...

0 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  closed 1y ago by Nick Alexeev‭

84%
+9 −0
208VAC triple-phase to single-phase conversion

The question: Is there a way to convert from triple-phase 208VAC to single-phase 208VAC? Background: Hi everyone, I am stuck on a project I'm working on. I'd like to convert 208VAC (three phase,...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by cosined‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Andy aka‭

75%
+4 −0
ESD USB Shield Connection & Filtering

I have a handheld ARM Cortex M based device, which has a USB input port. The product is battery powered and there is no metal chassis. We are going through CE testing, and are having ESD issues a...

4 answers  ·  posted 2y ago by leroy105‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Pete W‭

60%
+1 −0
Asynchronous connection question

Assume we have a channel and send 7-bit data(0100100) asynchronously with 1 parity bit(0).Suppose the start bit is 1.The end bits are in the same logic level with the idle state of the channel(0).H...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

50%
+0 −0
What is minimum resolution here?

In this datasheet it says that the minimum resolution is 0.1uA for the 10mA range.What is this minimum resolution?Is it the sensitivity of the multimeter for the 10mA range?

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by dsr‭

71%
+3 −0
Flyback converter design

Hi guys,I'm designing a multiple output flyback converter with 2 outputs at 10v@1 Amp and 5v @ 2 Amps .Input is 20 V dc Im having some problem with the implementation of closed loop. Open loop res...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by Sriram14‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

60%
+1 −0
Resistance of digital ampmeter

Can we find the internal resistance of a multimeter ,when we use the multimeter like a ampmeter, from its datasheet? I am trying to find the internal resistance of IDM 505 and I went to the datash...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Canina‭

66%
+4 −1
What is sacrificed when buying cheaper oscilloscope probes (of same BW/cap/R/gain)

I'm wondering if there are particular aspects of an oscilloscope probe's performance that tend to suffer, or failure points to look out for, if/when buying lower-end makes of oscilloscope probes (l...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Pete W‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

81%
+7 −0
Low-frequency PWM-controlled Mosfet heater circuit

The circuit above is used to control a 240W ceramic heater by means of a PWM signal at 30Hz, generated by a microcontroller, with 5V logic. The input is a standard 280W AC-DC external power adapt...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by francesco‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Pete W‭

50%
+1 −1
MOSFET not turning completely off

Hello everyone, I have a simple circuit in which I control some LEDs via an MCU and DMG2302UK ( N-channel MOSFET ) The EN pin is connected to an MCU gpio pin that works at 3.3V. The circuit wo...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by AhmedMobarez‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

71%
+3 −0
3+3 doesn’t show 6

I have a problem which I don’t understand how to solve. I have this 2-bit adder, but when I select A1AO to be (11)2 3 and B1BO to be (11)2 3 and run it on Logisim it doesn’t show me 6. Instead it s...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Peter Mortensen‭

33%
+0 −2
Voltage of tank circuit is invalid

In a previous question we found that for a critically damped oscillation: $$ I(t) = 2 t e^{-0.5 t} $$ But if we integrate to find the voltage through the capacitor: $$ V_{CO} + \frac{1}{C} \c...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Lorenzo Donati‭

66%
+2 −0
Diodes used in mixers

Suppose we have this circuit which is supposed to be an unbalanced frequency mixer. But how does the diode generate a signal with new frequencies at the output?

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Peter Mortensen‭

60%
+1 −0
Confusion with Wikipedia article on multivibrator circuit [closed]

A while ago I made a question about the monostable multivibrator .Lets get a picture of it: When switch is closed it enters its unstable state and it eventually returns to the stable state Howe...

0 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  closed 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

50%
+0 −0
Capacitors of voltage regulators [closed]

Assuming we have a voltage regulator : Why do we have to ground Vin and Vout using 2 capacitors just like that?Co could be to provide a low resistance path to GND at high frequencies but what is...

0 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  closed 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

28%
+0 −3
Find feedback of circuit

I have this circuit: I think that R3 acts like a feedback path from the output to the input.However I am not sure what will happen if I change the value from 100Ohms to lets say 1kOhms. I have ...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by LvW‭

66%
+2 −0
Most correct term for radio switching noise?

I'm wondering what's the most correct term (if any) to use for "switching noise" of a radio transceiver? By that I mean the spikes that originate from turning the power amp on/off while switching b...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Lundin‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

37%
+1 −3
What is the popular 12 V DC jack connector?

I'm designing a PCB for a project. 12 volt input power supply is provided externally, so the user will buy a power adapter, so putting a popular DC jack on the PCB is the best choice.

2 answers  ·  posted 2y ago by vigneshtnj‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by DavidCary‭

71%
+3 −0
PTC resettable fuse leakage current

Intro Hi everyone, I have a question about the practical use of a PTC (positive thermal coefficient) resettable fuse. I've never used one before, but I'd like to add one to a DC motor circuit to p...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by cosined‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

75%
+4 −0
CAN "split" pin, bus termination and common mode stabilization

Modern CAN transceivers like MCP2561FD that support CAN FD with high baudrates come with an optional feature called SPLIT, which is to my understanding a reference voltage output pin used to give a...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Lundin‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

50%
+1 −1
Driving PMSM machine as an AC induction machine

Is it possible to drive a PMSM motor - here I am referring to an AC motor with permanent magnets(stator wounded, rotor with PM) - in a way that there is no externally mounted rotor position sensor(...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by 2kind‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

62%
+3 −1
Help with differential to single ended voltage converter

Hello I don't understand how this differential to single-ended voltage converter can work. What I don't understand is why we place a current mirror(a current mirror copies the current flowing thr...

3 answers  ·  posted 2y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Circuit fantasist‭

33%
+0 −2
Capacitance gain using conductive core for inductors [closed]

I have learnt that if we have 2 parallel conductive plates and we seperate them the capacitance is increased if we put a good conductor between the plates. Now the resonant frequency of a inductor...

0 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  edited 1y ago by MissMulan‭

50%
+1 −1
Change of pins in monostable multivibrator

In monostable multivibrators we use a trigger signal applied to the base of the transistor which is usually off to enter the astable region Can we instead have a pin which is connected directly ...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Circuit fantasist‭

20%
+0 −6
Electrolytic vs ceramic capacitors about self-resonance frequency

Which capacitors have smaller self resonance frequency?I would bet my money on electrolytic capacitors because they are usually much bigger than the ceramic capacitors however I don't know if they...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Kranulis‭

33%
+0 −2
Capacitance of inductor

What is a typical value for capacitance of a real inductor? Does this internal capacitance exist only under AC and not DC?

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

44%
+2 −3
Parallel RLC circuit

How to find the equation of voltage of the top common node of R1,L1 and C1 after the switch is moved?

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by MissMulan‭

42%
+1 −2
Series RLC circuit

How to find the equation of current of the RLC circuit after the switch is moved?

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  edited 1y ago by MissMulan‭

66%
+2 −0
MOSFET differential to single ended converter intuition

How does the differential to single ended converter work? In order for the circuit to work, Q1 and Q3 must be in the saturation region and depending on the voltage inputs, one of Q2 and Q4 will be...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Peter Mortensen‭

50%
+1 −1
Coupling of inductors

Which will be the total series inductance?

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Andy aka‭

28%
+0 −3
Current and voltage of inductor

How do I find the current through the inductor and the voltage of the inductor after the switch is closed?

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by MissMulan‭

60%
+1 −0
Voltage and Current of capacitor

How do I find the voltage of the capacitor and the current through the capacitor after the switch is closed?

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by MissMulan‭

66%
+2 −0
Select resistor for a diode

Suppose we have this circuit How do I pick a appropriate value for the resistor R1?

3 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

60%
+1 −0
SPI modes difference

What is a difference between SPI stream and memory mapped SPI? PS SPI is a peripheral.

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by FrankLEE‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by DavidCary‭

spi
66%
+2 −0
Diode like a frequency mixer

Based on this paper on Wiki a diode can be described as a frequency mixer due to the exponential relationship between current and voltage.What I don't get from which point to which point do we meas...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  edited 1y ago by MissMulan‭

75%
+4 −0
Thermal relief for through-hole on multi-layer PCB

When using through-hole ("THR") connectors on a multi-layer PCB, I frequently notice problems with the ground pins, when these are connected to the ground plane(s) through various "thermal relief" ...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Lundin‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Nick Alexeev‭

71%
+3 −0
Type II compensation network for a non-ideal transconductance amplifier

I am designing a DC/DC converter in the control loop of which a transconductance amplifier (OTA) is used. This part of circuit looks like this: To determine the needed characteristics, I am usin...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Mu3‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Mu3‭

75%
+4 −0
What is the difference between emitter and collector of a transistor?

In all descriptions of how (non-FET) transistors work I've seen, there is an inherent symmetry: There's either an n-doped layer between two p-doped, or a p-doped between two n-doped, and the descri...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by celtschk‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

66%
+2 −0
$Q$ and $\overline{Q}$ in bistable multivibrator

In this bistable multivibrator which is $Q$ and which is $\overline{Q}$?

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

66%
+4 −1
Motor Controller - What might be the purpose of these resistors?

I was looking at the video of the Tesla Model 3 motor controller(400VDC, 500A) disassembly and noticed a resistor network as in the picture below. They are 2k resistors(SMD code 202). See the pic...

4 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by 2kind‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by DSI‭

60%
+1 −0
A signal with one mode or with three or more modes

The term "Discrete" uses to describe a signal with two modes, but is there a term to describe a signal with just one mode or with three or more modes? Question update: Also, isn't a wave with just...

3 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by deleted user  ·  edited 1y ago by deleted user

60%
+1 −0
Adding resistance to varactor circuit

If we a varactor and we want to control let's say the resonant frequency of the circuit ,in my schematic we must add R1 correct?Else we create a low resistance path for current to flow not through ...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Andy aka‭

50%
+0 −0
Tunnel current equation

The current through the tunnel diode is: where $I_{f}$ is the current from the Shockley diode equation and $I_{tunnel}$ is the tunnel current. Is there an expression for the tunnel current or i...

0 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭

60%
+1 −0
Division of binary numbers logic circuit

If we want to divide two numbers I have problem implementing this logic.I am posting 1 images with 2 different steps to the solution. In example a) the most significant digits of the divident &gt;...

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

57%
+2 −1
2 bit subtractor using full subtractor

Can we make a n-bit subtractor using full subtractors or if we want do subtract one binary from another we must use full adders and use the complement of the 2nd number to do the subtraction? I ha...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

75%
+4 −0
What is this metal panel under power lines?

I was hiking around the Berkshires in western Massachusetts yesterday, and came across this metal panel where some power lines were crossing a ridge: The panel is a few meters wide, and appe...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by DSI‭

55%
+3 −2
Is there a mathematical process resembling the terms "digital"/"discrete" and "analog"/"continuous"?

I always had trouble understanding the terms "digital" and "analog"; Wikipedia and various Q&amp;A sessions didn't contain explanations I found clear. I understood that these terms aren't well defi...

3 answers  ·  posted 2y ago by deleted user  ·  last activity 1y ago by Nick Alexeev‭

71%
+3 −0
Battery voltage: to boost or to connect in series.

Background. I have a legacy battery system that is comprised of twenty-four 12V Li-ion battery modules (self-protected), enclosed in a shell with the charging connection provided as a common groun...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by DSI‭  ·  last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

16%
+0 −8
HOW TO OPTIMIZE POWER USAGE FOR HOME [closed]

I HAVE A METER LIKE THIS BEHIND MY HOUSE MY NEIGBOR SLOWED IT DOWN SOMEHOW HE SAID HE OPENED IT UP AND DID SOMETHING TO IT NOW HE PAYS LOWER ELECTRICAL BILLS THAN ME BUT HE HAS COLLEGE DEGREE IN ...

0 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by ElectroRat‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭

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