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General Q&A about the design and function of electronic systems, electric power systems and infrastructure, their theory, and tools specific to those fields. Read these guidelines before posting.

269 posts ·
33%
+0 −2

I was studying the Re model of a transistor: But the Re model for 2 different configurations (common emitter and common base )turns out to be the same! I don't know why I am really confused.How...

2 answers  ·  posted 6mo ago by MissMulan‭  ·  last activity 6mo ago by LvW‭

66%
+4 −1

I have designed a PCB that I need to work in which a microcontroller drives a 24 V brushed motor. The input power to the board is 24 V, this is then lowered to 5 V by a step down converter, and thi...

3 answers  ·  posted 10mo ago by Alinik‭  ·  last activity 6mo ago by KalleMP‭

77%
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I was watching a video from EEVBLOG about bypass capacitors, and he presented a theory that randomly connecting different values of capacitors in parallel can create unexpected impedance spikes: ...

3 answers  ·  posted 6mo ago by Elleanor Lopez‭  ·  last activity 6mo ago by Andy aka‭

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I am calculating the base current of transistor Q1. To simplify the circuit equations, I applied the Thévenin's theorem twice and converted V1 and R1, R2 into Vth and Rth as shown in the image. Vt...

2 answers  ·  posted 7mo ago by kadamrohan16‭  ·  last activity 7mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭

77%
+5 −0

I know that in transistors there is base, collector and emitter, and in FETs there is gate, drain and source, but what is the fourth grounded connection opposite the gate in this NMOS circuit?

1 answer  ·  posted 7mo ago by NMOS lover‭  ·  last activity 7mo ago by Andy aka‭

50%
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I saw that equation of reactance is written like this $$I=\frac{V}{|R+X_L j|}$$ $$I=\frac{V}{|R-X_c j|}$$ When there's capacitor and inductor in a single circuit then it is written like : $$I=\... 4 answers · posted 10mo ago by deleted user · last activity 7mo ago by Andy aka‭ 80% +6 −0 I'm designing a high side current source that can be controlled with a Digital-to-analog and can source up to 100mA with voltage supply up to 36V. By high side I mean one side of load will be alwa... 1 answer · posted 9mo ago by DeadMouse‭ · last activity 7mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 66% +2 −0 I want to design a simple battery charger using MCP73831/2. This chip has a 3-State state pin according to the table below: I have a 3.3V MCU and I want to connect this pin to a GPIO. The MCU is... 1 answer · posted 8mo ago by dekker‭ · last activity 8mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 77% +5 −0 Signal characteristics are: 0 to 3.3V span 0 to 100Hz range( there will be noise superposed on top with unknown characteristics) Output resistance Rout=4700 ohm I want to sample that with a... 2 answers · posted 8mo ago by 2kind‭ · last activity 8mo ago by TonyStewart‭ 66% +4 −1 I have the following problem: - Using Wikipedia I find that during CCM we have the relation: -$$\frac{V_{out}}{V_{in}} = -\frac{D}{1-D} $$Solving for D and inserting values gives me ... 2 answers · posted 9mo ago by Carl‭ · last activity 9mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 40% +0 −1 I want 3 SMPS (AC-DC) : Vout/Iout - 5V/20A , 12V/75A , 24V/30A Vin (AC) ~ 220V/50Hz I want it such that I can use Hard &amp; Soft Kill Switches for turning off. Can you help me with the same. I tho... 0 answers · posted 9mo ago by Sye‭ · closed 9mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 72% +6 −1 Assume that I have some generic antenna connector, followed by a pi-filter/50ohm impedance matching components, then a DC blocking cap (as per the RF switch recommendations) and then a RF switch fo... 4 answers · posted 10mo ago by Lundin‭ · last activity 9mo ago by Nick Alexeev‭ 71% +3 −0 Homework problem A MOSFET has a power dissipation of P_{d} = 10\text{W}. The MOSFET is mounted on a heatsink. There is an isolation pad between the MOSFET case and the heatsink. We are given t... 1 answer · posted 9mo ago by Carl‭ · edited 9mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 50% +0 −0 I've seen a few different circuits (a) (b) (c) (d) described as "an O-ring circuit" or "an optimal O-ring circuit". What does the "O" and the "ring" refer to in such circuits? How do "O-ring circ... 0 answers · posted 9mo ago by DavidCary‭ · closed 9mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 66% +4 −1 Which important system design parameters need to be locked in order to estimate the maximum allowable level of the input voltage ripple of an SMPS? I have encountered ballpark figures of &lt;1%, &... 1 answer · posted 10mo ago by 2kind‭ · last activity 9mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 83% +8 −0 Recently I have heard this opinion from experienced engineers when discussing PCB design software. The common opinion was that Allegro and Altium are supposedly professional programs whereas Eagle ... 2 answers · posted 10mo ago by Wilkins Ticklebum‭ · last activity 10mo ago by Andy aka‭ 77% +5 −0 I saw that this PCB socket: Is marked as pressfit for non-plated holes. However, can it be used with plated holes as well, or will it damage the plating inside? 1 answer · posted 10mo ago by Wilkins Ticklebum‭ · last activity 10mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 50% +2 −2 Suppose we have a sine signal applied to a inductive load. Is the inductance of the load changed if the frequency of the signal is changed? 3 answers · posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭ · last activity 10mo ago by coquelicot‭ 75% +4 −0 I am trying to analyse what is controlling the load current in the below Darlington configuration. Is it the base current of transistor Q3 which is controlling current through R14 / emitter curr... 1 answer · posted 10mo ago by kadamrohan16‭ · last activity 10mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 81% +7 −0 The premise In a recent video by the pop-sci channel Veritasium, the concept of the flow of electricity and energy transmission in a circuit was discussed. In that video a thought experiment is pr... 5 answers · posted 1y ago by Mu3‭ · last activity 10mo ago by coquelicot‭ 75% +4 −0 I was looking at different transistors, especially MOSFETS and I saw that N type MOSFETs seem to be way more popular to be used in circuit design. Is there a reason for that, or am I mistaken? 2 answers · posted 10mo ago by crusadEEr‭ · last activity 10mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 66% +2 −0 This question is asked in an addition to https://electrical.codidact.com/posts/276436 Here is a Flyback converter mentioned there: Design parameters are: Input voltage 125 volts Output volt... 2 answers · posted 10mo ago by 2kind‭ · last activity 10mo ago by Andy aka‭ 33% +0 −2 I recently started working at a construction office in another country. I usually listen to music when working, and I saw a headphone jack in the wall, so I thought it is radio or something, I plug... 0 answers · posted 10mo ago by Headphone Jackson‭ · closed 10mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 66% +2 −0 According to Signal processing and linear systems by Lathi, the transfer function H(j\omega) does not exist for systems with poles in the RHP: - This makes sense to me, since H(j\omega) = \fr... 2 answers · posted 10mo ago by Carl‭ · last activity 10mo ago by a concerned citizen‭ 66% +4 −1 I have a 30MHz TCXO circuit (TXCO datasheet) like this serving as local oscillator to a RFIC: The RFIC manufacturer recommends to "add filtering caps" for high RF output cases. That is &gt;20d... 1 answer · posted 10mo ago by Lundin‭ · edited 10mo ago by Lundin‭ 57% +2 −1 I have designed a graph of the current in a photoresistor related to the brightness of light which hits the photoresistor. Our professor told us that it is more correct to draw the Current/Brigh... 1 answer · posted 10mo ago by MissMulan‭ · last activity 10mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 28% +0 −3 If I connect a battery to an LC tank and then to an antenna and then on the other side at a distance x, I connect an antenna to another LC tank and this to a diode and this to an LED, Do a I have a... 1 answer · posted 11mo ago by Voyager ll universe probe‭ · last activity 11mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 80% +6 −0 As we know there exists numerous different kinds of PCB CAD software. The big ones seem to be Eagle, KiCAD, Altium, OrCAD, Solidworks, DesignSpark and probably a few more. When it comes to mechani... 1 answer · posted 11mo ago by Lundin‭ · last activity 11mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 77% +5 −0 RF novice here. If using a superheterodyne receiver for the purpose of FM/FSK modulated signals, I'm wondering if the location of an optional automatic gain control (AGC) circuit is always placed o... 0 answers · posted 11mo ago by Lundin‭ 77% +5 −0 I need to design a simple flyback converter like this: - I want to control duty cycle from another circuit such as an MCU but, I'm unsure how to proceed. My requirements are: - Input voltage 125 ... 2 answers · posted 2y ago by Andy aka‭ · last activity 11mo ago by Andy aka‭ 77% +5 −0 I have a PIC32MZ2048ECG064, a 64-pin 32-bit microcontroller with 512kB RAM. This is not enough for my purposes, I need to extend it by at least 32MB, preferably 64 or 128. I believe this means I ca... 0 answers · posted 11mo ago by Keelan‭ 22% +0 −5 On the LEFT is what I just bought today — Globe Electric 4W (40W Equivalent) Daylight (5000K) Dimmable LED Light Bulb, G9 Bi-Pin Base, 400 Lumens, 15,000 H. Here's Globe Electric's Dimmer Compatibi... 0 answers · posted 11mo ago by TextKit‭ · closed 11mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 75% +4 −0 One standard used for spacing conductors based on voltage is the IPC-2221. This standard differentiates spacing requirements for inner and outer conductors. Does the IPC minimum separation betwee... 1 answer · posted 12mo ago by DavidE‭ · edited 11mo ago by Lundin‭ 77% +5 −0 Differential pairs, such as for ethernet or a CAN bus, can be designed to be loosely coupled or tightly coupled. For a loosely coupled differential pair, the odd-mode and even-mode impedances are ... 1 answer · posted 12mo ago by DavidE‭ · last activity 12mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 75% +4 −0 I am designing a PCB with somewhat limited space. To save space, I am placing some vias on component pads. However, I am not sure if this is a good practice in PCB design. As far as I understand, t... 1 answer · posted 12mo ago by Mu3‭ · last activity 12mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 28% +0 −3 In a 3 phase Star source-Star load circuit the phase voltage has different phase than line voltage and in a 3 phase Delta source-Delta load circuit the phase current has different phase than the li... 0 answers · posted 12mo ago by MissMulan‭ · closed 12mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 37% +1 −3 Suppose we have this stream of data.Let's assume the data stream lasts 1 sec. How do we find the bandwidth of the data?Do we Fourier transform the signal in order to find its components in the ... 1 answer · posted 12mo ago by MissMulan‭ · last activity 12mo ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 42% +1 −2 Assume a app generates a message (stack on computer).Each layer of the sending entity will put then control information in the data depending on the protocol and transmit the data to the next lowe... 0 answers · posted 12mo ago by MissMulan‭ · closed 12mo ago by Nick Alexeev‭ 84% +9 −0 The question: Is there a way to convert from triple-phase 208VAC to single-phase 208VAC? Background: Hi everyone, I am stuck on a project I'm working on. I'd like to convert 208VAC (three phase,... 2 answers · posted 1y ago by cosined‭ · last activity 12mo ago by Andy aka‭ 75% +4 −0 I have a handheld ARM Cortex M based device, which has a USB input port. The product is battery powered and there is no metal chassis. We are going through CE testing, and are having ESD issues a... 4 answers · posted 2y ago by leroy105‭ · last activity 1y ago by Pete W‭ 60% +1 −0 Assume we have a channel and send 7-bit data(0100100) asynchronously with 1 parity bit(0).Suppose the start bit is 1.The end bits are in the same logic level with the idle state of the channel(0).H... 2 answers · posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭ · last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 50% +0 −0 In this datasheet it says that the minimum resolution is 0.1uA for the 10mA range.What is this minimum resolution?Is it the sensitivity of the multimeter for the 10mA range? 1 answer · posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭ · last activity 1y ago by dsr‭ 71% +3 −0 Hi guys,I'm designing a multiple output flyback converter with 2 outputs at 10v@1 Amp and 5v @ 2 Amps .Input is 20 V dc Im having some problem with the implementation of closed loop. Open loop res... 2 answers · posted 1y ago by Sriram14‭ · last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 60% +1 −0 Can we find the internal resistance of a multimeter ,when we use the multimeter like a ampmeter, from its datasheet? I am trying to find the internal resistance of IDM 505 and I went to the datash... 2 answers · posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭ · edited 1y ago by Canina‭ 66% +4 −1 I'm wondering if there are particular aspects of an oscilloscope probe's performance that tend to suffer, or failure points to look out for, if/when buying lower-end makes of oscilloscope probes (l... 1 answer · posted 1y ago by Pete W‭ · last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 81% +7 −0 The circuit above is used to control a 240W ceramic heater by means of a PWM signal at 30Hz, generated by a microcontroller, with 5V logic. The input is a standard 280W AC-DC external power adapt... 2 answers · posted 1y ago by francesco‭ · last activity 1y ago by Pete W‭ 50% +1 −1 Hello everyone, I have a simple circuit in which I control some LEDs via an MCU and DMG2302UK ( N-channel MOSFET ) The EN pin is connected to an MCU gpio pin that works at 3.3V. The circuit wo... 1 answer · posted 1y ago by AhmedMobarez‭ · last activity 1y ago by Olin Lathrop‭ 71% +3 −0 I have a problem which I don’t understand how to solve. I have this 2-bit adder, but when I select A1AO to be (11)2 3 and B1BO to be (11)2 3 and run it on Logisim it doesn’t show me 6. Instead it s... 2 answers · posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭ · edited 1y ago by Peter Mortensen‭ 33% +0 −2 In a previous question we found that for a critically damped oscillation:$$ I(t) = 2 t e^{-0.5 t} $$But if we integrate to find the voltage through the capacitor:$$ V_{CO} + \frac{1}{C} \c...

1 answer  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Lorenzo Donati‭

66%
+2 −0

Suppose we have this circuit which is supposed to be an unbalanced frequency mixer. But how does the diode generate a signal with new frequencies at the output?

2 answers  ·  posted 1y ago by MissMulan‭  ·  edited 1y ago by Peter Mortensen‭

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