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Assuming we have a voltage regulator : Why do we have to ground Vin and Vout using 2 capacitors just like that?Co could be to provide a low resistance path to GND at high frequencies but what is...
Hello everyone, I have a simple circuit in which I control some LEDs via an MCU and DMG2302UK ( N-channel MOSFET ) The EN pin is connected to an MCU gpio pin that works at 3.3V. The circuit wo...
In this datasheet it says that the minimum resolution is 0.1uA for the 10mA range.What is this minimum resolution?Is it the sensitivity of the multimeter for the 10mA range?
I saw that equation of reactance is written like this $$I=\frac{V}{|R+X_L j|}$$ $$I=\frac{V}{|R-X_c j|}$$ When there's capacitor and inductor in a single circuit then it is written like : $$I=\...
I've seen a few different circuits (a) (b) (c) (d) described as "an O-ring circuit" or "an optimal O-ring circuit". What does the "O" and the "ring" refer to in such circuits? How do "O-ring circ...
If we have the transfer function of a LC high pass filter: $H(s) = \frac{sL}{sL+\frac{1}{sC}}$ If we want to find the pole of that filter in the end we get: $s = \frac{j}{\sqrt{LC}}$ and for a ...
I am trying to find the AC analysis of a BJT Hartley oscillator but I cannot continue. How do I find the voltage gain? When no feedback is there, we just find the output resistance and the current...
I have been trying to model this oscillator I was wondering if we can somehow predict the frequency of the oscillations.For small currents inside a diode from the Shockley diode equation $$ e^{x...
I am studying for a test in control systems and we have a practical part which is to program a analog computer. Here is a picture of the analog computer: The variable resistor is basically a vo...
This picture describes the behaviour of a single phase transform under resistive,inductive and capacitive loads(from left to right) How what exactly is $V_{1}$ ?Is it the voltage at the primary ...
I have been reading about thermal noise in resistors and I have a question: Suppose we have this circuit: Is C2 here to protect the voltage source from thermal noise?
I have a MOT that is rated 220V-50Hz only and i need to know its maximum operating power i tried to google the reference number but unable to find anything about its power, so how to figure out the...
Why can the channel capacity C of the additive white gaussion noise (AWGN) channel be denoted in different ways and how do they relate to each other? Examples: C = (1/2) * log2(1 + SNR) [bit?] ...
I have a HANTEK 6022BE oscilloscope and I'm monitoring three signals with it: FS (Frame sync clock). Pulse. Transfer complete. I'm using two channels of the scope to monitor a pair of these...
I’d like to create a stable IR LED light source. I’ve read that LED efficiency changes with temperature. I’ve seen two designs which used feedback through light to correct the LED temperature dri...
I got a vintage ('64) hifi sideboard for Christmas! It's super awesome. However, I don't understand the grounding. It has two female inputs on the backside that are labeled as "Grounding". There w...
I have here an acre-counter or crop counter device like the lykketronic shown below, using two AA batteries. It arrived without working. Upon opening its case, I found that the PCB is missing tw...
I would like to convert 5V rail I have on PCB to ±12V. Existing solution is using boost converter 5V to 12V, and a buck for 5V to -12V. This feels bulky for what it's needed - here are the requirem...
May I know how to calculate a signals rise time from it's frequency. I found this article for the same. The formula given is Tr = 1/f*π. May I know is this applicable for PWM also.
How to find the equation of voltage of the top common node of R1,L1 and C1 after the switch is moved?
I recall vividly a story told by my grandfather who worked with high voltage power lines. A worker drove heavy machinery into 700kV line and then jumped out of the truck, instantly combusting upon ...
In the past, a large number of new active building blocks have been proposed and published by many researchers all over the world. In most cases, these new building blocks were used for realizing n...
I have a question about this circuit:(critically damped oscillation) For a critically damped oscillation for a series RLC circuit the equation of current has this form I(t)=D1te^(-at)+D2e^(-at) ...
How to find the equation of current of the RLC circuit after the switch is moved?
Assume a app generates a message (stack on computer).Each layer of the sending entity will put then control information in the data depending on the protocol and transmit the data to the next lowe...
Suppose we have this graph: How can we find the operating point (Q)?In common emitter collector we just draw a line from the vertical axis (Ic) at the point (0,VCC/RC) to the horizontal axis a...
I want 3 SMPS (AC-DC) : Vout/Iout - 5V/20A , 12V/75A , 24V/30A Vin (AC) ~ 220V/50Hz I want it such that I can use Hard & Soft Kill Switches for turning off. Can you help me with the same. I tho...
I am currently learning amplifier design, after constructing the unity gain amplifier(which is a differential-input single-ended-output amplifier) in the unity-gain feedback configuration I have pe...
Mini-circuits LNA PHA-LN13+ has suggested: Eval board Layout Eval Gerber The image took from the Gerber file (3rd ref.) (Though all 3-reference mentioned containing it): There I have som...
Currently, I enrolled myself in a master's course this fall in the field of Computer Engineering. I am excited to create my microcontroller projects. I want to understand how much complexity is exp...
Hi guys, Can anyone help me please replace the NE555 IC in this circuit by MIC1555. I need to modify also the Voltage to 18v thank you. MIC1555 datasheet NE555 datasheet Edit: The circuit a...
I'm designing a PCB for a project. 12 volt input power supply is provided externally, so the user will buy a power adapter, so putting a popular DC jack on the PCB is the best choice.
Suppose we have this stream of data.Let's assume the data stream lasts 1 sec. How do we find the bandwidth of the data?Do we Fourier transform the signal in order to find its components in the ...
In a previous question we found that for a critically damped oscillation: $$ I(t) = 2 t e^{-0.5 t} $$But if we integrate to find the voltage through the capacitor: $$ V_{CO} + \frac{1}{C} \cd...
What is a typical value for capacitance of a real inductor? Does this internal capacitance exist only under AC and not DC?
I recently started working at a construction office in another country. I usually listen to music when working, and I saw a headphone jack in the wall, so I thought it is radio or something, I plug...
I was studying the Re model of a transistor: But the Re model for 2 different configurations (common emitter and common base )turns out to be the same! I don't know why I am really confused.How...
I am designing a low-pass filter with cut-off frequency = 100Hz and after the cutoff frequency from -3dB to -10dB the average decrease in db/Hz = -0.1 db/Hz.I know how to design a low-pass filter ...
Suppose we have a RC low pass filter of 1st order. If we add multiple stages every time we add a RC stage identical to our original does the slope of the curve in the bode plot db/Hz becomes wild...
The small signal analysis of a BJT when the BJT is in amplification mode: is easy.However what happens when the BJT is in saturation mode? Can we replace the dependent current source with a r...
Im designing a Hartley oscillator this time with a opamp providing the open-loop gain.I have tried drawing the small-signal analysis of my circuit to use KVL and KCL to find the conditions of opera...
I'm Interested In Power Circuit. What Courses/Guidelines To I Need To Properly and Effectively Under Power Circuits??
Hi guys, I need to calculate the voltage that will center the magnetic field of a coil. The coil gonna be used in an induction heater thank you. Edit: I edited the paragraph because it was misu...
I need a Sine Wave Oscillator circuit that can allow me to control its frequency with a microcontroller. Until now all the topologies that I have found if the frequency is changed, a change in the ...
1- What we call this opamp configuration? 2- What's the advantage and the disadvantage of this circuit? 3- And what's the purpose of the L2 in the feedback? I have changed gradually the value of...
In both cases, is the "X" point floating when there is no 12V applied ?
The output collector-emitter part of a transistor can be thought of as a 2-terminal SPST switch controlled by the input base-emitter voltage or base current. So this transistor switch can control o...
I've tryed to implement a local ground concept told by Olin Latrop here : He have told: (What I've perceived)You should not connect every gnd point instantly to gnd plane, since it can inject HF ...
I am trying to test a AD8307. Here are my connections: (pins not shown are left unconnected, and also pin 8). I get a quiescent output voltage at pin 4 of about 850 mV with respect to ground, w...
Please see the image below. I'm trying to convert my IKEA NYFORS floor lamp into a reading light, by covering the top with an Aluminium pie plate. Will this be a fire or electrical hazard? Does an...
