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As we know audio has high dynamic range. It means 120dB dynamic range of human ear causes to hear 1 million time samaller that highest undistorted accoustic wave. Then I think for high end audio we...
I intend to build a high-power series LC resonant circuit for the purpose of generating strong magnetic fields at a wide range of frequencies, mostly audio range (1-5000 Hz). The inductor coil is a...
Power switches used in automotive are usually rated to withstand clamped load dump events, of the 35 - 40 V peak variety. AFAICT there are two main clamping mechanisms - first one for the logic par...
I have an mcu pin and I want to sense a voltage up to 24V to 36V. I want to connect some outputs on the board I'm designing and I don't know whether those outputs will provide a voltage or will be...
I got a vintage ('64) hifi sideboard for Christmas! It's super awesome. However, I don't understand the grounding. It has two female inputs on the backside that are labeled as "Grounding". There w...
I am trying to figure out what is causing an Allegro A2982 source driver to burn up. The source driver (A2982) is connected to the coil of a Panasonic TXS2-9V relay. The source driver and coil ar...
Based on reading the All About Circuits article on IEPE sensors there are two general types of circuits integrated into this class of sensors: voltage amplifier and charge amplifier. This question...
Let's say a 100V voltage spike arrives at +12V and the TVS diode clamps it to 25V. Q2 may or may not be activated. Will this circuit ensure a V_gs lower than 25V for the mosfet Q1 ? Any catch to it...
For high-speed digital communication busses, what attributes do you generally advise to add to a PCB to help with validating the communication bus as well as troubleshooting the design? In particu...
I have seen multiple sources on the web discussing what they call concentric twist harnesses. It boils down to having a wiring harness built in layers, where each layer is twisted around the previo...
I understand that white noise is not always Gaussian. In general, is the $V_{pp}$ and $V_{RMS}$ noise stated in operational amplifier and ADC datasheets Gaussian? And is its mean zero? Any exemptio...
Why can the channel capacity C of the additive white gaussion noise (AWGN) channel be denoted in different ways and how do they relate to each other? Examples: C = (1/2) * log2(1 + SNR) [bit?] ...
I am designing a control system controlled by some microcontroller K: The open loop gain is $G_{o}(s) = \frac{K}{s(s^{2}+4s+3)}$ and the closed loop gain is obviously $G_{c}(s) = \frac{K}{s(s^{...
I am planning to use the LM318 operational amplifier to generate a PWM signal and I need to know how to calculate the rise/fall time. LM318/LM218/LM118 datasheet -The slew rate is 70 V/µs maximum...
I have been watching this video and at 3:28 it says that a induction is inherently self-starting.Does this happen because of the energy stored and released in the windings of the statorFrom 3:41 u...
This picture describes the behaviour of a single phase transform under resistive,inductive and capacitive loads(from left to right) How what exactly is $V_{1}$ ?Is it the voltage at the primary ...
what diffrence between tesla and edison? can anyone help me who come first?
Hello, I am trying to use a CD4047 in monostable, positive-edge trigger mode: I am not skilled enough to make out what the output, i.e. pin 10, should be when pin 8, the input, is held at 0V (...
Hi, how can I use can bus monitoring through a simple led without disturbing the can line , I started with a diagram found on this forum, I need your help to correct where necessary, I want to use...
Is there a scientific way to estimate the resistance of a pogo pin? If it was a solid cylinder or wire one could calculate the resistance: R = ρ × L / A But a pogo pin is hollow inside, the sp...
I have a 4-20 mA digital air pressure regulator which is controlled by and reports its pressure by being the current sink in two independent 4-20 mA current loops. Our control system utilizes Anal...
I have a question about stray current corrosion in reinforced concrete. I am working on a project in a parking garage with PV-panels on top of the roof. The ground is directly connected to reinforc...
As the title says, I'm interested in a simple technique to measure the characteristic impedance of a cable using only the instruments available in a school lab or to a (somewhat advanced) hobbyist....
Lets say I power an oscillator by a non-rechargable battery. Lets imagine a generic design with LC-circuit and negative resistance created by some transistor circuit. To me it seems that at certai...
An important formula in physics is one that relates the speed of an EM wave (c for instance) with the magnetic permeability and electric permittivity of the medium. In short: - $$c = \dfrac{1}{\sq...
Do common-source JFET amplifiers have an advantage over common-drain? The JFET would be in a low noise photodiode amplifier. The signal is 100us pulses with 10us raise times. Here are the schema...
The submarine built by OceanGate went missing on 18th June 2023. A lot of online criticism was directed towards the control hardware of the submarine - Logitech F710 controller. However, why i...
I am analysing a pulse transformer which is required to transfer below communication protocol pulse from primary to the secondary side. The pulse duration is 32 μs and off time available to reset t...
Currently, I enrolled myself in a master's course this fall in the field of Computer Engineering. I am excited to create my microcontroller projects. I want to understand how much complexity is exp...
Most modern CAD software for PCB design offers arc trace routing or a form of conversion between 45/90 degree angel trace routing and arc trace routing. Despite this, the overwhelming majority of c...
Do micro-RF connector mating crimp connectors are ever sold separately together with a crimp tool? For example this I have looked through a lot of pages, and can only find PCB connectors + cable a...
Design a suitable experiment and an AC circuit to verify Thevenin's theorem when the load is a single-phase induction motor with a capacitive start and two supplies feed the load. Ratings of load:...
Im designing a Hartley oscillator this time with a opamp providing the open-loop gain.I have tried drawing the small-signal analysis of my circuit to use KVL and KCL to find the conditions of opera...
Im studying the equivalent model of a BJT common emitter amplifier at high frequencies.At university we tought that the BJT at high frequencies looks something like this: However when designing ...
In the auotmotive context, does it matter where the fat load-dump grade diode is placed in relation to the MOSFET so as to protect it from both fast positive transients and the longer load dump ? ...
Got a question about hazardous breakpoints in real-time firmware. Does C have a mechanism which lets me mark a section of code such that breakpoints are somehow ignored or not allowed just in that...
Most CAD packages use a "symbol" and "footprint" library approach when it comes to designing schematics and PCBs. Some (like recent versions of Altium) have "component" libraries where symbols and ...
Instead of using a buck or a boost converter can we use for DC-DC conversion the circuit Im going to describe in the next lines? First we begin with a Hartley oscillator whose output is fed into ...
Hi guys so recently i was looking for a mosfet and a gate drivers and between a lot of their specification the rise/fall time and Turn-On/off Delay Time sometime it called propagation. My question...
A taper pad is a resistive attenuator that maintains impedances on both ports and provides a specific amount of gain-loss ($A_{12}$): - I have derived formulas for each resistor (that I know to ...
During the open circuit test of a induction motor ,not any current flows inside the rotor.But how can we achieve such a thing? Here is the ping configuration of a induction motor: The coils of ...
I am designing a low-pass filter with cut-off frequency = 100Hz and after the cutoff frequency from -3dB to -10dB the average decrease in db/Hz = -0.1 db/Hz.I know how to design a low-pass filter ...
Let's take a soft-start circuit that looks like this: To my understanding, the function can be described as follows: C1 charges to open the gate. Value of C1 will dictate the soft-start delay...
In both cases, is the "X" point floating when there is no 12V applied ?
I would like to save some costs with ideal diode controllers. Basic requirement is for the diode controller to block overcurrents (short circuits) in both directions. The MAX16141A IC can do it a...
Im designing a high-pass filter which has a gain of -8dB at half of the roll-off frequency and I am stuck ,I dont know how to continue the design. In the bode plot of that filter we have 2 points:...
Looking for KalleMP who last commented on the link attached. https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/368517/remotely-monitor-condition-of-fuse#:~:text=R1 %26 the LED are the basic indicato...
Noise can be coupled between signal lines through parasitic capacitance formed between these signal lines, as $i = C\frac{dv}{dt}$ where C is the capacitance between the signal lines. Another wa...
If we have the transfer function of a LC high pass filter: $H(s) = \frac{sL}{sL+\frac{1}{sC}}$ If we want to find the pole of that filter in the end we get: $s = \frac{j}{\sqrt{LC}}$ and for a ...
When recording an ECG signal, the raw signal is taken from the body and sent into an ECG amplifier to amplify the signal to a suitable range and remove common mode and other types of noise. Measur...
